Connective Tissue

Question 1

components of the extracellular matrix and functions of each

Answer 1

protein fibers
-resists tensile forces
amorphous ground substance
-resists compression
tissue fluid - "bound" water
-facilitates the exchange of nutrients and metabolites
cells
-fixed and transient

Question 2

CT functions

Answer 2

structural
defense
-phagocytic cells; mast cells; plasma cells
nutrition
-medium for exchange of nutrients and waste
storage
-fat

Question 3

components of ground substance

Answer 3

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
proteoglycans
glycoproteins

Question 4

proteoglycans

-what are they?

Answer 4

linear polysaccharides surrounding a protein core

Question 5

aggrecan molecule

-functions

Answer 5

binds to collagen fibers

responsible for “gel-like” fluidity of connective tissue

Question 6

glycoproteins

• composition (it’s in the name)
• types

Answer 6

protein plus branched carbohydrate
types
-fibronectin
-laminin
-chondronectin
-osteonectin

Question 7

fibronectin function

Answer 7

cell adhesion

Question 8

laminin function

Answer 8

adhesion of epithelial cells to basal lamina

Question 9

chondronectin function

Answer 9

adhesion of chondrocytes to collagen II

Question 10

osteonectin function

Answer 10

adhesion of osteoblasts to collagen I

Question 11

extracellular matrix protein fibers

• types
• polymers of what molecules

Answer 11

collagen
-polymers of collagen molecule
reticular
-polymers of collagen molecule (collagen III)
elastic
-polymers of protein elastin

Question 12

collagen fibers

• produced by…
• types

Answer 12

produced by
-fibroblasts
-chondroblasts
-osteoblasts
-odontoblasts
types
-type I
-type II
-type IV and VII

Question 13

type I collagen

-location

Answer 13

tendons
ligaments
bone

Question 14

type II collagen

-location

Answer 14

cartilage

Question 15

type IV and VII collagen

-location

Answer 15

associated with basal lamina

Question 16

reticular fibers

• composed of
• location

Answer 16

collagen type III fibers
location
-smooth muscle
-framework of organs

Question 17

elastic fibers

-types and location of each

Answer 17

non-stretchable
-zonule fibers of eye
mildly stretchable
-dermis
high stretchable
-ligaments of vertebral column

Question 18

cell types for CT proper

Answer 18

fixed cells

transient cells

Question 19

fixed cells

-names and function

Answer 19

fibroblasts/fibrocytes
-cells that produce collagen and secrete ground substance
adipocytes
-fat cells

Question 20

transient cells

• characteristics
• names and function

Answer 20

characteristics
-migrate in
-derived from hematopoietic tissue
-short-lived and constantly replaced
names
-plasma cells
-mast cells (immune and allergic responses)
-macrophages (immune and repair processes)

Question 21

connective tissue types

Answer 21

loose (areolar) connective tissue
dense connective tissue
elastic tissue

Question 22

loose connective tissue

• characteristics (2)
• location

Answer 22

high vascularized
non-resistant to stress
location
-subcutaneous tissue

Question 23

dense connective tissue

• characteristic
• types and locations

Answer 23

little stretchability
types
-regular (tendons and ligaments)
-irregular (joint capsules, muscle sheaths)

Question 24

elastic tissue

• appearance
• location

Answer 24

thick parallel fibers
location
-ligaments of vertebral column

Question 25

effect of inflammatory response on CT

-function of this effect

Answer 25

activation of immune response allows for increased extracellular fluid due to increasing permeability
this excess fluid facilitates the movement of transient cells to the region

Question 26

tendons

• why do they have increased strength (3)
• identical process for…

Answer 26

increased strength due to...
-alignment of more collagen fibers
-increased size of fibers
-increased strength of bonding
identical process for
-aging and maturation
-scar tissue formation

Question 27

response to mechanical elongation

-what do we call what see as the response?

Answer 27

stress/strain curve

Question 28

stress/strain curve

-regions

Answer 28

toe region
linear region
progressive failure region
major failure region
-rupture visible but not complete
-tendon is narrowed
complete rupture region