Ankle and Foot Muscles

Question 1

muscles of the dorsum of the foot

Answer 1

extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallucis brevis

Question 2

extensor digitorum brevis

-origin

Answer 2

anterior part of dorsal surface of calcaneus
anterior and medial to lateral malleolus
inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 3

extensor digitorum brevis

-insertion

Answer 3

lateral 3 tendons attach to tendons of digitorum longus to digits 2-4

Question 4

extensor digitorum brevis

-actions

Answer 4

extend toes 2-4 at MTP joint

assist extensor digitorum longus

Question 5

extensor digitorum brevis

-innervation

Answer 5

deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

Question 6

extensor hallucis brevis

-origin

Answer 6

anterior part of dorsal surface of calcaneus
anterior and medial to lateral malleolus
inferior extensor retinaculum
(all same as EDB)

Question 7

extensor hallucis brevis

-insertion

Answer 7

medial tendon of 4 tendons to base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 8

extensor hallucis brevis

-actions

Answer 8

extend hallux at MTP joint

assist extensor hallucis longus

Question 9

extensor hallucis brevis

-innervation

Answer 9

deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

Question 10

muscles of the first (superficial) layer of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 10

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

Question 11

abductor hallucis

-origin

Answer 11

medial process of tuber calcaneus
flexor retinaculum
plantar aponeurosis

Question 12

abductor hallucis

-insertion

Answer 12

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 13

abductor hallucis

-actions

Answer 13

hallux abduction

hallux flexion

Question 14

abductor hallucis

-innervation

Answer 14

medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

Question 15

flexor digitorum brevis

-origin

Answer 15

medial process of tuber calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular suptum

Question 16

flexor digitorum brevis

-insertion

Answer 16

both sides of middle phalanx of lateral four digits

Question 17

flexor digitorum brevis

-actions

Answer 17

flexes lateral 4 digits at the PIP joint

Question 18

flexor digitorum brevis

-innervation

Answer 18

medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

Question 19

abductor digiti minimi

-origin

Answer 19

medial and lateral processes of tuber calcanei
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septum

Question 20

abductor digiti minimi

-insertion

Answer 20

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 21

abductor digiti minimi

-actions

Answer 21

abducts 5th digit

flexes 5th digit

Question 22

abductor digiti minimi

-innervation

Answer 22

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 23

muscles of the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 23

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

Question 24

quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
-origin

Answer 24

medial surface of lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

Question 25

``` quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius) -insertion ```

Answer 25

posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 26

``` quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius) -actions ```

Answer 26

assists FDL in flexion lateral 4 digits

Question 27

``` quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius) -innervation ```

Answer 27

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 28

lumbricals | -origin

Answer 28

tendons of FDL

Question 29

lumbricals | -insertion

Answer 29

medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral 4 digits extensor expansions of tendons of EDL

Question 30

lumbricals | -actions

Answer 30

flex proximal phalanges of lateral 4 digits | extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Question 31

lumbricals | -innervation

Answer 31

medial lumbrical -medial plantar nerve (S2, S3) lateral 3 lumbricals -lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 32

muscles of the third layer of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 32

flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 33

flexor hallucis brevis | -origin

Answer 33

plantar surface of cuboid | plantar surface of lateral cuneiform bones

Question 34

flexor hallucis brevis | -insertion

Answer 34

both sides of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 35

flexor hallucis brevis | -actions

Answer 35

flexes proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 36

flexor hallucis brevis | -innervation

Answer 36

medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

Question 37

adductor hallucis | -origin

Answer 37

oblique head -bases of metatarsals 2-4 transverse head -plantar ligaments of MTP joint

Question 38

adductor hallucis | -insertion

Answer 38

tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 39

adductor hallucis | -actions

Answer 39

hallux adduction | assists in maintaining transverse arch

Question 40

adductor hallucis | -innervation

Answer 40

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 41

flexor digiti minimi brevis | -origin

Answer 41

base of 5th metatarsal bone

Question 42

flexor digiti minimi brevis | -insertion

Answer 42

base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 43

flexor digiti minimi brevis | -action

Answer 43

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 44

flexor digiti minimi brevis | -innervation

Answer 44

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 45

muscles of the fourth layer of the plantar surface of the foot

Answer 45

plantar interossei | dorsal interossei

Question 46

``` plantar interossei (3 muscles) -origin ```

Answer 46

bases and medial sides of metatarsal bones 3-5

Question 47

plantar interossei | -insertion

Answer 47

medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of digits 3-5

Question 48

plantar interossei | -actions

Answer 48

adducts digits 3-5 | flexes MTP joints

Question 49

plantar interossei | -innervation

Answer 49

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 50

``` dorsal interossei (4 muscles) -origin ```

Answer 50

adjacent sides of metatarsal bones 1-5

Question 51

dorsal interossei | -insertion

Answer 51

1st -medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2-4 -lateral sides of digits 2-4

Question 52

dorsal interossei | -actions

Answer 52

abducts digits (2-4) and MTP joints

Question 53

dorsal interossei | -innervation

Answer 53

lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)