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S1 Anatomy > Axilla > Flashcards

Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

axilla

  • shape
  • location
  • contents
A 
shape
-pyramidal
location
-between upper thoracic wall and arm
contents
-axillary vessels (artery, vein, and branches)
-infraclavicular parts of brachial plexus and its branches
-lymph nodes and vessels
-loose adipose tissue
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2
Q

apex of axilla

  • continues into…
  • location
A

continues into root of neck between

  • external border of the first rib
  • superior scapular border
  • posterior surface of clavicle
  • medial aspect of coracoid process
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3
Q

base of axilla

  • corresponds to…
  • between
  • covered with…
A 
corresponds to
-skin
-thick layer of axillary fascia
between
-inferior borders of
--pec major anteriorly
--latissimus dorsi posteriorly
covered with hair in postpubertal persons
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4
Q

anterior wall of axilla

  • formed by
  • -what do these cover?
A 
formed by
pectoralis major
-covers majority of wall
pectoralis minor
-covers intermediate part of anterior wall
lateral part of clavicle and subclavius
-located near the apex
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5
Q

posterior wall

-covered by

A

covered by

  • subscapularis superiorly
  • teres major intermediate
  • latissimus dorsi inferiorly
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6
Q

lateral wall

-anterior and posterior walls converge toward…

A

insertion of muscles of the intertubercular groove

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7
Q

medial wall

  • what is it?
  • covered by
A

thoracic cage

covered by serratus anterior

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8
Q

major arteries (2)

A

subclavian

axillary

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9
Q

subclavian artery

  • branches off of…
  • divided into…
A 
branches off
-brachiocephalic trunk (R side)
-aortic arch (L side)
divided into three parts
-review from pectoral region notes
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10
Q

subclavian artery

-branches

A

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery

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11
Q

vertebral artery

  • function
  • location
A 
function
-blood supply to the CNS
location
-transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae
-floor of suboccipital artery
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12
Q

internal thoracic artery

  • also known as
  • function
  • anastomosis with…
  • can be used in what surgery?
A 
aka internal mammary artery
function
-blood to diaphragm
anastomosis with intercostal arteries
can be used in CABG surgery to anterior wall of heart
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13
Q

thyrocervical trunk

  • location
  • branches into…
A 
usually from 1st part of subclavian
branches into
-inferior thyroid artery
-suprascapular artery
-superficial cervical artery
-transverse cervical artery
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14
Q

dorsal scapular artery

-location

A

arises from either

  • 3rd part of subclavian
  • 2nd part of subclavian
  • thyrocervical trunk
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15
Q

what is the dorsal scapular artery called if it arises from the thyrocervical trunk

A

transverse cervical artery

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16
Q

axillary artery

  • what is it?
  • location
  • divided into…
  • divided by what
A

lateral continuation of subclavian artery
location
-past lateral border of 1st rib
divided into three parts by position of pec minor

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17
Q

axillary artery

-branches

A 
thoracoacromial artery (trunk)
lateral thoracic artery
subscapular artery
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
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18
Q 
thoracoacromial artery (trunk)
-branches
A

pectoral branch
acromial branch
clavicular branch
deltoid branch

19
Q

thoracoacromial artery pectoral branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomosis with
A

between p. major and p. minor
function
-supplies p. major, p. minor, and superior thoracic
anastomosis with
-intercostal branches of internal thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries

20
Q

thoracoacromial artery acromial branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomosis with
A 
location
-crosses corocoid process under deltoid
function
-supplies deltoid
anastomosis with
-suprascapular artery
-deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
-posterior circumflex humeral artery
21
Q

thoracoacromial artery clavicular branch

-function

A

supplies subclavius

22
Q

thoracoacromial artery deltoid branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomotic with…
A

crosses p. minor
supplies p. minor and deltoid
anastomotic with
-thoracoacromial artery acromial branch

23
Q

lateral thoracic artery

  • large in…
  • supplies…
  • anastomosis with…
A

large in females w/ lateral mammary branches to the mammary gland
supplies p. minor, p. major, serratus anterior
anastomotic with
-internal thoracic
-subscapular
-intercostal arteries
-pectoral branches of thoracoacromial

24
Q

subscapular artery

  • branches off of….
  • branches into…
  • can be identified where…
A

branches off of 2nd part (usually) of axillary artery
branches into circumflex scapular artery
-can be identified in triangular space

25
Q

subscapular artery

  • anastomosis with…
  • function
  • what is the terminal branch and what is the function?
A

anastomosis with
-lateral thoracic
-intercostal arteries
-deep branch of transverse cervical (dorsal scapular)
blood supply to
-scapular muscles via scapular anastomosis (supra, infra, subscap, teres minor and major, posterior deltoid, lat, long head of tricep)
terminal branch is thoracodorsal artery to lat

26
Q

anterior circumflex humeral artery

  • location
  • function
  • anastomosis with
A

location
-lateral side of axillary artery (2nd to 3rd part)
-behind coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
supplies humeral head and glenohumeral joint
anastomosis with posterior circumflex humeral artery

27
Q

posterior circumflex humeral artery

  • location
  • size compared to anterior circumflex humeral
  • function
A 
location
-from 3rd part of axillary
-moves posteriorly and goes around posterior side of humerus through quadrangular space
larger than anterior circumflex
supplies
-GH joint
-deltoid
-teres major and minor
-long and lateral heads of triceps
28
Q

posterior circumflex humeral artery

-anastomosis with…

A

anterior circumflex humeral artery
branches of
-suprascapular
-thoracoacromial trunk (acromial and deltoid branches)
descending branches anastomose with branches of the brachial artery

29
Q

superficial network of veins

  • location
  • names of most common ones found in dissection
A 
location
-loose connective tissue below skin
names
-cephalic
-basilic
-median vein of the forearm
-
30
Q

cephalic vein

  • location
  • medially directed branch: name and end point
  • empties into… via…
A 
location
-formed over anatomical snuff box
-ascends laterally to cubital fossa
-continues up lateral side of arm to empty into axillary vein through the deltopectoral groove (infraclavicular fossa) near the acromion
medially directed branch
-median cubital vein
31
Q

median cubital vein

-common use

A

most common vein for venupuncture

32
Q

basilic vein

  • location
  • becomes…
A

location
-begins medially on the dorsum of the hand
-ascends and wraps to a location on the anteromedial surface of the arm
becomes axillary vein by perforating deep fascia distal to axilla

33
Q

median vein of forearm

  • location
  • common use
A

location
-ascends on medial (ulnar) side of forearm
-joins the basilic and median cubital veins on the distal end of the anteromedial surface of the arm
use
-second choice for blood donations
-smaller than median cubital vein

34
Q

brachial plexus

  • union of…
  • brachial plexus separations labeled as… in what order?
A 
union of
-C5-T1 primary ventral rami
-C4 and/or T2 rami sometimes contribute
brachial plexus gives rise to formation of
-roots
-trunks
-divisions
-cords
-named nerves or arm and forearm
35
Q

brachial plexus roots

  • what are they?
  • location
A

ventral rami of C5-T1

located in the root of the neck (no the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord)

36
Q

brachial plexus trunks

  • names of trunks
  • formed by which roots?
  • location
A 
upper trunk
-C5, C6
middle trunk
-C7
lower trunk
-C8, T1
location
-superior and posterior to clavicle
37
Q

divisions

  • how are they created
  • location
  • division union forms…
A

each trunk divides into an anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) division
takes place at the level of the clavicle
union forms cords

38
Q

cords

  • names
  • formed by
  • location of each
A

lateral cord
-anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk
-lateral to axillary artery
medial cord
-continuation of anterior division of lower trunk
-descends behind and then medial to axillary artery
posterior cord
-posterior divisions of all 3 trunks
-behind axillary artery

39
Q

named nerves from roots (supraclavicular)

A

phrenic nerve
dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve

40
Q

named nerves from trunks (supraclavicular)

A

nerve to subclavius

suprascapular nerve

41
Q

named nerves from lateral cord (infraclavicular)

A

lateral pectoral nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
lateral part of median nerve

42
Q

named nerves from medial cord (infraclavicular)

A 
medial pectoral nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
medial cutaneous nerve of arm
ulnar nerve
medial part of median nerve
43
Q

named nerves from posterior cord (infraclavicular)

A 
upper subscapular nerve
thoracodorsal nerve
lower subscapular nerve
axillary nerve
radial nerve

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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