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S1 Anatomy > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

radius

  • head location
  • articulates with
  • other important landmarks
A

head located proximally in discoid shaped
articulates with capitulum and radial notch of ulna
neck
radial tuberosity
medial facing sharpened edge on body
-attachment of interosseus membrane
anterior and posterior oblique lines
ulnar notch; distal radioulnar joint
styloid process; articulation with carpal bones
dorsal tubercle

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2
Q

ulna

-important landmarks

A 
olecranon
coronoid process
-lateral side has a radial notch
-supinator fossa and supinator crest
-tuberosity on anterior surface for insertion of brachialis
trochlear notch
lateral sharpened interosseus border
head (distal)
-styloid process
-convex articular surface laterally for articulation with radius
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3
Q

functions of pronator quadratus and pronator teres in pronation

A

quadratus
-prime mover
-responsible for initiation
-can act as only pronator during slow unopposed pronation
teres
-increases strength and speed of pronation

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4
Q

radial and ulnar deviation of the hand and wrist require…

A 
pair of muscles
radial deviation
-flexor carpi radialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
ulnar deviation
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-extensor carpi ulnaris
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5
Q

lateral epicondyle relation to muscles

A

common extensor origin of a large number of superficial muscles of posterior surface of forearm

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6
Q

primary movers of supination

A

biceps brachii is a strong supinator used in forceful movements
supinator is prime mover in non-forceful situations

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7
Q

interosseus membrane

-function

A

anchors the radius ulna together

serves as an origin for some of the muscles of the forearm

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8
Q

relative strength of radius and ulna’s articulation with humerus
-why is one stronger?

A 
ulna has stronger articulation
-olecranon
-coronoid process
-trochlear notch
-all 3 form a strong hinge-type joint
radius
-articulation with capitulum is only anchored by annular ring surrounding head of radius
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9
Q

distal articulation of forearm

-formed by

A

radius articulating with

  • scaphoid
  • lunate
  • maybe triquetral and triquetrum
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10
Q

styloid processes (radius and ulna) length comparison

A

radius styloid process extends more distally

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11
Q

colles fracture

  • what is it?
  • most common mechanism of injury (MOI)
  • how will it present?
  • what else may be damaged
A 
what
-fracture of styloid process of radius
-displacement of styloid process proximally
MOI
-falling on outstretched hand (forearm extended)
presentation
-styloid processes at same level
may also damage scaphoid bone
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12
Q

ulnar nerve

  • path at the distal humerus
  • level of protection
A

swings around the medial epicondyle of the humerus

relative unprotected

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13
Q

nerves of the forearm

A

median
ulnar
radial

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14
Q

median nerve

-function

A

innervates all muscles of the anterior (flexor) compartment except
-brachioradialis
-flexor carpi ulmaris
-medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
carries sensory components to the skin of the forearm, hand, elbow, and wrist joints

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15
Q

brachioradialis

  • innervation
  • functions
  • usually listed as occupying what compartment
  • -why?
A

radial nerve
flexor of forearm at the elbow
usually listed as occupying the posterior compartment of the forearm
-due to origin near the common origin of the extensors of the forearm

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16
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
-innervation

A

ulnar nerve

17
Q

anterior interosseus nerve

  • what is it?
  • function
A

what
-named muscular branch of the median nerve
-arises near apex of cubital fossa
-courses along anterior surface of the interosseus membrane
innervates
-other 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2, 3)
-flexor pollicis longus
-pronator quadratus

18
Q

palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

A

articular branches of the wrist

19
Q

ulnar nerve

-location from elbow to wrist

A

posterior to medial epicondyle
deep to flexor carpi ulnaris along flexor digitorum profundus
medial to ulnar artery

20
Q

ulnar nerve function

A 
articular branches to elbow
muscular branches to
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-flexor digitorum profundus
palmar cutaneous branch to
-medial 1/2 of palmar surface of hand (little and ring finger)
dorsal cutaneous branch to
-medial 1/2 of dorsal surface of hand (little and ring finger)
21
Q

radial nerve

  • enters forearm…
  • branches into…
A

enters on
-anterior side of lateral epicondyle between brachialis and brachioradialis
branches into superficial and deep branch

22
Q

radial nerve superficial branch

-function

A 
entirely cutaneous
skin of
-dorsum of wrist
-hand
-thumb
-dorsum of digits 2,3
23
Q

radial nerve deep branch

  • function
  • location
A 
entirely muscular and articular
innervates
-supinator
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
sweeps around lateral side of radius to extensor compartment
24
Q

posterior interosseus nerve of radial nerve

  • function
  • location
A

innervates
-muscles of the deep extensor compartment
travels with posterior interosseus artery (branch of ulnar artery)

25
Q

arteries of the forearm

  • names
  • derived from
A 
names
-radial
-ulnar
derived from radial and ulnar branches of brachial artery
brachial artery divides in cubital fossa
26
Q

radial artery

  • location
  • branches
A

location
-direct line continuation of brachial artery
-extends distally in the anterior compartment to styloid process of radius
-then swings dorsally through anatomical snuff box
branches
-radial recurrent artery
-superficial palmar branch of thenar eminence (thumb)
-carpal branches

27
Q

radial recurrent artery

-part of…

A

anastomosis of the elbow (cubital anastomosis)

28
Q

ulnar artery

  • location
  • function
A 
location
-sweeps medially after branching from brachial artery
-lies on FDP, lateral to ulnar nerve
supplies
-medial muscles of hand and forearm
-common flexor synovial sheaths
-ulnar nerve
29
Q

ulnar artery

-branches

A

anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries (anastomosis of elbow)
common interosseus
superficial and deep palmar arches

30
Q

common interosseus artery off ulnar artery

-branches into

A

anterior and posterior interosseus arteries

31
Q

anterior interosseus artery

-location

A

passes distally and then pierces interosseus membrane to join carpal arteries

32
Q

posterior interosseus artery

  • location
  • branches
A

passes through interosseus membrane to reach the extensor compartment of forearm
usually located deep to pronator teres muscle belly
branches
-muscular branches
-dorsal and palmar carpal arches

33
Q

anatomical snuff box

  • bounded by
  • what passes through it?
A 
boundaries
-anterior
--abductor pollicis longus tendon
--extensor pollicis brevis tendon
-posterior
--extensor pollicis longus tendon
radial artery passes deep in this region as it travels from anterior compartment of the forearm to the posterior compartment
34
Q

carpal tunnel

-what is it (broad definition)

A

flexor retinaculum closing over the carpal groove or sulcus

35
Q

carpal tunnel

-contents

A 
median nerve
tendons of
-FDS
-FDP
-FPL
36
Q

flexor carpi radialis (in relation to carpal tunnel)

-encased in _____ to _____

A

encased in “Y” shaped attachment of flexor retinaculum to scaphoid and trapezium
does not lie in carpal tunnel

37
Q

compression of the median nerve and difficulty flexing (painful, weak) the digits and wrist can be a result of what?

A

space occupying lesions

  • swelling
  • edema
  • inflammation of the synovial sheaths
38
Q

what is one method of releasing pressure in the carpal tunnel
-consequences

A

cut the flexor retinaculum

flexor retinaculum scars over with a corresponding release in pressure and increase in size of carpal tunnel

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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