6.2

Question 1

Definition of an attitude

Answer 1

A value aimed at an attitude object

Question 2

An attitude object

Answer 2

Can be anything you have an opinion about

Question 3

How attitudes are formed

Answer 3

Through socialisation + accepting the attitudes of others around you as the norm

Question 4

Who we tend to learn attitudes from

Answer 4

Significant others

Question 5

What makes attitudes more likely to be learned

Answer 5

If it’s reinforced , repeated + successful

Question 6

What does reinforcement promote

Answer 6

Correct actions

Question 7

What is reinforcement a principle of

Answer 7

Operant conditioning

Question 8

What can cause negative attitudes

Answer 8

Bad experiences (e.g. injuries), negative role models (who don’t have good values) or when there’s no reinforcement offered by a coach

Question 9

The 3 components of an attitude

Answer 9

The Cognitive, Affective + Behavioural components (CAB) = The Triadic Model

Question 10

The cognitive attitude component

Answer 10

A belief e.g. believing in the benefits of sport

Question 11

The affective attitude component

Answer 11

Your feelings + emotions + how they’re interpreted e.g. loving doing sport

Question 12

The behavioural attitude component

Answer 12

The actions of the performer e.g. doing sport daily

Question 13

The benefits of positive attitudes

Answer 13

Maintain motivation + effort

Question 14

The 2 concepts used to change attitudes

Answer 14

Cognitive dissonance + persuasive communication

Question 15

What is cognitive dissonance

Answer 15

Where the coach puts pressure on 1/more attitude component by giving new info so the performer becomes uneasy/conflicted in thinking/mental disharmony + motivated to change their attitude

Question 16

Ways in which a coach can use cognitive dissonance

Answer 16

By presenting new info/ a new activity/training method (point out positives of it)- so attitudes = questioned + they change motivation e.g. a rugby player using dance to improve fitness (as dancers = good endurance performers) Make activities fun + vary practice - might make the activity more enjoyable than first thought = changed opinion Use rewards (e.g. player of the week)/reinforcement - increase training turnouts + turnout at matches Bring in specialist role models - encourages participation

Question 17

What is persuasive communication

Answer 17

Where performers = talked into changing attitudes

Question 18

Why persuasive communication is difficult

Answer 18

Attitudes are quite stable due to core beliefs - so are resistant to change

Question 19

How to make persuasive communication effective

Answer 19

Make it relevant, important, understood by the performer +of high quality The giver of the message must be of high status e.g. a role model or expert Ensure timing of it is good e.g. after a poor performance when performers realise change is necessary