Memory system

Question 1

How does the memory system support information processing

Answer 1

• It stores and retrieves information
• makes comparisons with previous movement experiences and selects which motor programme to retrieve in order to produce movement

Question 2

Who created a diagram for the memory system

Answer 2

Baddeley and Hitch

Question 3

What is the supervisory system called in the memory model

Answer 3

Cental executive and 3 slave systems

Question 4

Give 5 characteristics of the central executive

Answer 4

• Maintains overall control
• Links with the long term memory
• Focuses and swtiches attention is required
• Has limited capacity
• Identifies which information goes to which sub-system

Question 5

What are the 3 sub-systems to the central executive

Answer 5

• Phonological loop
• Visiospatial sketchpad
• Episodic buffer

Question 6

What does the phonological loop deal with

Answer 6

• Auditory information

Question 7

How does phonological loop work

Answer 7

Temporary storage system which creates a memory trace that is sent to the long term memory to trigger the motor programme

Question 8

What will happen to the memory trace in the phonological loop is it is not rehearsed and give an example

Answer 8

• It will fade away

- You repeatedly say out loud the move in your trampoline routine so that you dont forget the order

Question 9

What does the visiospatial sketchpad hold

Answer 9

• Holds visual and spatial information temporarily

- Stores kinaethesis information about how movement feels

Question 10

Give example of visiospatial sketchpad function

Answer 10

Images of set plays and where you would be during the action

Question 11

What does the episodic buffer hold

Answer 11

Three/four chunks or episodes

Question 12

What does the episodic buffer do

Answer 12

• It allows differnt parts of the working memory system to talk to eachother and produces sequences of information to send to the LTM, which initiates a motor programme
• Also gathers perceptual info (flight of ball as you recieve a cross)

Question 13

What does the working memory recieve

Answer 13

The relevant information that has been filtered away from the irrelevant information by selective attention

Question 14

What is the limited capacity of the working memory

Answer 14

7 +/- 2 items for up to 30 seconds

Question 15

What does working memory produce for current skill and what does it do with it

Answer 15

Produces a memory trace and compares it to information stored in the long term memory

Question 16

What is the capacity of the LTM

Answer 16

Unlimited capacity and stores info for unlimited time

Question 17

What happens once the LTM has sent a motor programme to the working memory

Answer 17

The motor programme is initiated

Question 18

What are the 8 ways of ensuring effective storage

Answer 18

1) Chunking
2) Mental rehearsal/imagery
3) Reinforcers/rewards
4) Enjoyable/fun experiences
5) Practice/rehearsal
6) Linking/association with past experiences
7) Chaining
8) Meaningful information

Question 19

Describe chunking

Answer 19

• Small groups of information should be put together and memorised as one

Question 20

Advantage of chunking

Answer 20

It expands capacity of working memory

Question 21

Disadvantage of chunking

Answer 21

Can cause info overload

Question 22

Describe mental rehearsal/imagery

Answer 22

Visualising the skill or going over it mentally

Question 23

Advantage of mental rehearsal/imagery

Answer 23

Enables learners to remember what is needed to perform the skill more easily

Question 24

Disadvantage of mental rehearsal/imagery

Answer 24

Demonstration has to be accurate

Question 25

Describe reinforcment/rewards

Answer 25

If learners recieve positive reinforcment after a correct response it is more likely to be repeated

Question 26

Advantage of reinforcment/rewards

Answer 26

Performers are more likely to remember the information

Question 27

Describe Enjoyable/fun experiences

Answer 27

If the learner has a positive experience that is presented to them in a new or distinctive way that they find interesting they are more likely to remember the information

Question 28

Describe practice/rehearsal

Answer 28

Repetition overlearns or 'grooves' a skill

Question 29

Advantage of practice/rehearsal

Answer 29

Helps to create a motor programme and enable it to be stored in the Long term memory

Question 30

Describe Linking/association with past experiences

Answer 30

Relate the new information to that already stored

Question 31

Give an example of Linking/association with past experiences

Answer 31

When learning to serve in tennis, link it to the basic overarm throw which the performer will have previously experienced

Question 32

Describe chaining

Answer 32

Information should be presented in an organised manner

Question 33

Give an example of chaining

Answer 33

When learning a tumble sequence, the elements should be presented together in order to make it easy for the learner to remember

Question 34

Describe meaningful information

Answer 34

Information is more likely to be remembered if the learner understands its relevance to them and their performance.