5.1 and 5.2

Question 1

Define linear motion + give 2 track athletics examples

Answer 1

Motion in a straight or curved line, with all body parts moving the same distance, at the same speed in the same direction, e.g. 100m or 200 metres

Question 2

The name of Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

Answer 2

The law of inertia

Question 3

Define inertia

Answer 3

The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion

Question 4

Describe Newton’s 1st Law of motion

Answer 4

An (external) force is required to change the state of motion

Question 5

What determines the inertia of an object

Answer 5

Its mass

Question 6

The name of Newton’s 2nd law of motion

Answer 6

The law of acceleration

Question 7

Describe Newton’s 2nd law of motion

Answer 7

The magnitude / size + direction of the force determines the magnitude and direction of the acceleration + the rate of acceleration is directly proportional to the size of the force causing the change

Question 8

The equation used to calculate the size of a force

Answer 8

Force (N) = mass (KG) x acceleration (m/s^2), or F = ma

Question 9

The name of Newton’s 3rd law of motion

Answer 9

The law of action / reaction

Question 10

Describe Newton’s 3rd law of motion

Answer 10

For every action / force, there is an equal + opposite reaction / force

Question 11

A ground reaction force (GRF)

Answer 11

The force exerted by the ground on the body in contact with it

Question 12

Define a scalar quantity

Answer 12

When measurements are described in terms of just their size / magnitude (not direction)

Question 13

2 examples of scalar quantities

Answer 13

Speed + distance

Question 14

Define speed

Answer 14

The rate of change of position

Question 15

The formula for calculating speed

Answer 15

Speed (m/s) = distance (m) / time (s)

Question 16

Define distance

Answer 16

The length of a path that a body follows when moving from one position to another

Question 17

What unit you should give the speed in if the question gives the distance in Km and the time in hours

Answer 17

Km/h

Question 18

Where the line on your distance/time graph should finish for an out and back journey

Answer 18

At the bottom / x-axis

Question 19

Define centre of mass

Answer 19

The point of balance/concentration of mass of a body

Question 20

The effect that raising our arms has on the centre of mass of our body

Answer 20

It raises it

Question 21

Where in the body the centre of mass of a person is normally when they’re standing

Answer 21

In the hip region

Question 22

What characteristic of an individual determines their centre of mass

Answer 22

Gender

Question 23

The difference between the location of the centre of mass in males and females + the reasons for this

Answer 23

It’s higher in males as they have more weight concentrated in their shoulders + upper body but women have more body weight concentrated around their hips

Question 24

4 mechanical principles which affect stability

Answer 24

Height of the centre of mass, Position of the line of gravity, Area of the support base, Mass of the performer

Question 25

The affect of lowering centre of mass on stability

Answer 25

It increases it

Question 26

The position of the line of gravity which makes objects most stable

Answer 26

When it's central over the base of support

Question 27

The affect of increasing the area of the support base on the number of contact points + stability of an object

Answer 27

It increases the no. of contact points + increases stability

Question 28

The effect of increasing the mass of a performer on their stability + the reason for this

Answer 28

It increases stability due to increased inertia

Question 29

The 3 components which levers consist of

Answer 29

A fulcrum, resistance + effort

Question 30

A fulcrum

Answer 30

The point/pivot about which the lever rotates

Question 31

Define resistance (in terms of levers)

Answer 31

The weight to be moved (by the lever system)

Question 32

Define effort (in terms of levers)

Answer 32

The force applied by the user/muscle of the lever system

Question 33

What the skeleton forms (in terms of levers)

Answer 33

A system of levers

Question 34

The parts of our bodies which act as levers

Answer 34

Bones

Question 35

The parts of our bodies which act as fulcrums

Answer 35

Joints

Question 36

what provides the effort in the lever systems of our body

Answer 36

Muscles

Question 37

What forms the resistance in the lever systems of our bodies

Answer 37

The weight of the body part being moved (often against the force of gravity)

Question 38

The 3 types of levers

Answer 38

1st, 2nd 3rd class levers

Question 39

What the classification of levers depends on

Answer 39

The positions of the fulcrum, resistance + effort (in relation to each other)

Question 40

The structure of a first class lever and the direction in which effort acts

Answer 40

The fulcrum is located between the effort and the resistance with effort acting downwards

Question 41

How you draw a lever system

Answer 41

Like a see-saw with the fulcrum as a triangle 'beneath the see-saw'

Question 42

An example of a first class lever in the body

Answer 42

From: The movement of the head and neck during flexion and extension, Extension of the elbow

Question 43

The direction in which effort acts for the 3 classifications of levers

Answer 43

Downwards for first class but upwards for 2nd and 3rd class levers

Question 44

The structure of a second class lever

Answer 44

The resistance lies between the fulcrum and the effort

Question 45

An example of a second class lever in the body

Answer 45

Plantarflexion of the ankle

Question 46

The structure of a 3rd class lever

Answer 46

The effort is between the fulcrum and the resistance

Question 47

An example of a 3rd class lever in the body

Answer 47

Hip/knee/elbow flexion

Question 48

How to remember what lies in the middle of the 3 lever classifications

Answer 48

FRE (123) (F = the fulcrum in the middle of 1st class levers, R = resistance in the middle of 2nd class levers, E = effort in the middle of 3rd class levers)

Question 49

What determines if a lever has mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage

Answer 49

The length of the force and resistance arms

Question 50

The force arm

Answer 50

The (shortest perpendicular) distance between the fulcrum and effort

Question 51

The resistance arm

Answer 51

The (shortest perpendicular) distance between the fulcrum and the resistance

Question 52

Mechanical advantage

Answer 52

When the force arm is longer than the resistance arm

Question 53

Mechanical disadvantage

Answer 53

When the resistance arm is longer than the force arm

Question 54

How mechanical disadvantage affects the load a lever system can move

Answer 54

It decreases it

Question 55

How mechanical disadvantage affects the speed at which a lever can move a load

Answer 55

It can do it faster

Question 56

How mechanical disadvantage affects the range of movement

Answer 56

It increases it

Question 57

How mechanical advantage affects the force required to move a load

Answer 57

It decreases it