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Anatomic Pathology 2 > Unit 3 - GI Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - GI Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What impact do intestinal nematodes have on the host?

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. ingest blood
  3. competition for nutrients
  4. damage host tissues during larval migration
  5. intestinal obstruction
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2
Q

What does infection with whipworms cause?

A

mucohemorrhagic typhlocolitis resulting in large bowel diarrhea

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3
Q

What clinical signs can hookworms cause?

A

anemia and hypoproteinemia

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4
Q

What clinical issues do ascarids cause?

A

decreased weight gain, rarely cause diarrhea, can cause tissue damage during larval migration

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5
Q

What lesion does Strongylus vulgaris cause?

A

arteritis causing thromboembolism causing focal infarction causing colic

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6
Q

True or False: Intestinal tumors are common.

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Are the majority of intestinal neoplasias benign or malignant?

A

malignant

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8
Q

In the dog, what is the origin of the majority intestinal neoplasias?

A

epithelial origin

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9
Q

In the cat, what type are the majority of intestinal neoplasias?

A

round cell tumors - lymphoma and mast cell tumors

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10
Q

What clinical signs are associated with intestinal neoplasias?

A

weight loss, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia and melena, ascities, and intestinal obstruction

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11
Q

What is the biologic behavior of intestinal adenocarcinomas in dogs?

A

they are locally invasive and 43.5% of them metastasize

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12
Q

What is the prognosis for large cell lymphoblastic lymphomas in cats?

A

poor - they metastasize to the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver

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13
Q

What is the prognosis for small cell lymphocytic lymphoma in cats?

A

good

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14
Q

What is the prognosis for mast cell tumors in cats?

A

reduced survival due to lymph node metastasis

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15
Q

What may intestinal displacements result in?

A

venous infarction or obstruction

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16
Q

What are some examples of intestinal displacements?

A

intussusception, volvulus, torsion, and hernia

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17
Q

What is intussusception?

A

the telescoping of one segment of bowl into another

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18
Q

What may be the cause of intussusception?

A

enteritis, parasites, intestinal surgery, linear foreign bodies

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19
Q

What are some sequelae to intussusception?

A

compression of mesenteric veins causes venous infarctions and adhesions

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20
Q

What part of the intestines does intussusception usually involve?

A

small intestine, especially at the ileocecal or ileocolic junction

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21
Q

What does intussusception feel like on palpation?

A

a sausage

22
Q

What is an intestinal volvulus?

A

the twisting of a loop of bowel on its mesenteric attachment

23
Q

What does intestinal volvulus result in?

A

venous infarction and rapid death

24
Q

What is intestinal torsion?

A

the twisting of intestine about its long axis

25
Q

What is the most common bowel displacements in the horse?

A

torsion of the great colon at its base

26
Q

What is the prognosis of a torsion of less than 270 degrees?

A

it is good

27
Q

What is the prognosis of a torsion of greater than or equal to 360 degrees in rotation?

A

poor: venous infarction and rapid death

28
Q

What are pedunculating lipomas and what species are they common in?

A

they are lipomas that cause intestinal strangulation; equine

29
Q

What is hernia/herniation?

A

displacement of a structure through a normal or pathologic formation

30
Q

What is an internal hernia?

A

displacement of the intestine through a normal or pathological foramina within the abdominal cavity

31
Q

What is an external hernia?

A

the peritoneum and abdominal contents herniate through an opening in the abdominal wall

32
Q

What are the consequences of hernias?

A

incarceration (contents are not reducable and may result in obstruction) or strangulation (vascular supply is compromised)

33
Q

What fluids are commonly identified in the peritoneal cavity?

A

blood, transudate (ascites), exudate, and urine

34
Q

What is uroperitoneum typically due to?

A

a ruptured bladder

35
Q

What can cause a hemoperitoneum?

A

trauma, tumors, ruptured aneurism, or clotting issues

36
Q

What specific traumatic injuries can cause hemoperitoneum?

A

fracture of the spleen or liver or rupture of a uterine artery during palpation

37
Q

In dogs, ____ of hemoabdomen cases are due to malignant neoplasms.

A

80% - 88% of these due to hemangiosarcomas

38
Q

What are the causes of ascites?

A

lymphatic obstruction, increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure

39
Q

What causes increased hydrostatic pressure?

A

right heart failure and portal hypertension

40
Q

What causes decreased hydrostatic pressure?

A

hypoproteinemia

41
Q

What features are associated with peritonitis?

A

cloudy abdominal fluid, hyperemia of serosal surfaces, fibrin on serosal surface

42
Q

What are the causes of peritonitis (7)?

A
  1. Gastrointestinal perforation/leakage with release of bacteria laden ingesta
  2. Extension from castration wounds
  3. External wound with penetration of peritoneal cavity
  4. Sequela to navel ill
  5. Following bacteremia
  6. Following systemic viral infection
  7. Chemical
43
Q

What is feline infectious peritonitis caused by?

A

feline coronavirus

44
Q

What are the two pathotypes of FCoV?

A

feline enteric coronavirus and FIPV

45
Q

What does feline enteric coronavirus primarily target?

A

intestinal epithelial cells and causes mild enteritis

46
Q

What does FIPV do?

A

it replicates to higher numbers in monocytes/macrophages allowing for systemic dissemination

47
Q

What age is typically affected by FIP?

A

6 months to 2 years

48
Q

What clinical signs are associated with the wet form of FIP?

A

anorexia, fever, weight loss, respiratory distress, abdominal distension

49
Q

What lesions are associated with the wet form of FIP?

A

fluid in body cavities, granular lesions on the intestinal serosa and mesentery

50
Q

What clinical signs are associated with the dry form of FIP?

A

weight loss, depression, anemia, fever, jaundice, PU/PD, ocular and/or neurologic signs

51
Q

What lesions are associated with the dry form of FIP?

A

pyogranulomas in the liver, kidney, peritoneum, intestinal serosa, pancreas and inflammatory lesions in the eye and brain

52
Q

Are primary peritoneal neoplasms or peritoneal metastases more common?

A

peritoneal metastases

Anatomic Pathology 2 (48 decks)

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