Unit 4 - Liver 3

Question 1

Characterize hepatocellular adenomas.

Answer 1

They are uncommon, typically silent, usually solitary, 2-8 cm in diameter, may be indistinguishable from nodular hyperplasia on gross examination

Question 2

What clinical signs are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 2

weight loss, jaundice, seizures, abdominal enlargement

Question 3

What is the biologic behavior of hepatocellular carcinomas?

Answer 3

locally invasive, metastasiizes to regional lymph nodes and/or lung late in the course of diseasem direct extension to omentum, peritoneal implantation

Question 4

What species are cholangiomas found in?

Answer 4

dogs, CATS, sheep, and pigs

Question 5

Are cholangioma/biliary cystadenomas common?

Answer 5

no; they are clinically silent and usually incidental finds

Question 6

What is the biologic behavior of cholangioma/biliary cystadenoma?

Answer 6

benign, progressive expansion may compress adjacent tissue, complete surgical excision in curative

Question 7

What species are cholangiocarcinomas found in?

Answer 7

dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, horses

Question 8

Are cholangiocarcinomas common?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

What is the biologic behavior of cholangiocarcinomas?

Answer 9

malignant, highly invasive, metastasis is 60-88%

Question 10

Where do cholangiocarcinomas typically metastasize to?

Answer 10

intrahepatic metastasis, regional lymph nodes, lungs, and peritoneal implantation

Question 11

What is the appearance of biliary cystadenoma?

Answer 11

well-demarcated, with multiple cystic structues

Question 12

What is the appearance of cholangiocarcinomas?

Answer 12

firm, white/cream-colored, often umbilicated nodules - intrahepatic metastasis is common

Question 13

What gross lesions are associated with Canine adenovirus 1?

Answer 13

the liver is moderately enlarged, has small pale foci (necrosis), and an enhanced lobular pattern +/- strands of fibrin on the surface

Question 14

What is copper storage hepatopathy?

Answer 14

a mutation with the COMMD1 gene that leads to an accumulation of copper in centrilobular hepatocytes causing oxidative cell damage leading to chronic/active hepatitis

Question 15

What breeds has copper storage hepatopathy been observed in?

Answer 15

Bedlington terriers, west highland white terriers, skye terriers, dalmations, doberman pinschers, and labrador retrievers

Question 16

What is the second most common acquired liver disorder of the domestic cat?

Answer 16

severe, chronic lyphocytic cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis

Question 17

Describe the disease process of chronic lymphocytic cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis?

Answer 17

it is slowly progressive, clinically silent during its initial stages, usually chronically established at the time of liver biopsy and definitive diagnosis - immune-mediated pathogenesis is suspected

Question 18

What may chronic lymphocytic cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis be associated with?

Answer 18

inflammatory bowel disease and/or pancreatic inflammation

Question 19

In relation to age, clin path, and impression smears, how do you differentiate between lymphoma and FIP?

Answer 19

FIP occurs in younger cats, total serum protein is high and AG ratio is low, and you will see macrophages and neutrophils on impression smears
Lymphoma occurs in middle to older aged cats, clin path is variable, and you will find a uniform population of lymphocytes on impression smears

Question 20

What is equine serum hepatitis also known as?

Answer 20

Theiler’s disease

Question 21

What population of horses is Theiler’s disease most common in?

Answer 21

horses injected with equine serum or tissue

Question 22

What clinical signs are associated with Theiler’s disease?

Answer 22

neurologic signs and jaundice

Question 23

What gross lesions are associated with Theiler’s disease?

Answer 23

mottled surface of liver, lose turgor (dish rag liver)

Question 24

What microscopic lesion is associated with Theiler’s disease?

Answer 24

massive hepatic necrosis

Question 25

What is Theiler’s disease likely caused by?

Answer 25

equine parvovirus- hepatitis (EqPV-H)

Question 26

What is Tyzzer’s disease due to?

Answer 26

Clostridium piliforme

Question 27

What age horse is typically affected by Tyzzer’s disease?

Answer 27

foals 1-4 weeks of age, born from April to May, and in foals fed with high protein and nitrogenous diets

Question 28

What clinical signs are associated with Tyzzer’s disease?

Answer 28

the foal is found dead after brief illness

Question 29

What gross lesions are associated with Tyzzer’s disease?

Answer 29

multifocal, random pale foci 1-2 mm in diameter

Question 30

What microscopic lesion is associated with Tyzzer’s disease?

Answer 30

random necrosuppurative foci with intralesional bundles of bacteria

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of tansy ragwort toxicosis in cattle?

Answer 31

they ingest it, alkaloids are metabolized by cytochrome P450 in the liver to toxic intermediate, they bind to DNA and cause hepatocellular damage (greater accumulation in the centrilobular lesion)

Question 32

What is the pathogenesis of copper toxicosis in sheep?

Answer 32

1. copper accumulates in the liver 2. hepatocellular injury 3. massive release of copper into the circualtion 4. hemolytic crisis 5. death