9.1 SG Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have both.
List the three main types of cells compared in cell structure.
Bacteria, Plant cells, Animal cells
What are the common cell structures found in most cells?
Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Genetic material
Identify a benefit of prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells can reproduce rapidly and adapt quickly to environmental changes.
Identify a benefit of eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells can compartmentalize functions within membrane-bound organelles.
How do prokaryotic cells get rid of waste?
Through diffusion across the cell membrane.
How do eukaryotic cells get rid of waste?
Using lysosomes and exocytosis.
What serves as a container in cells?
The cell membrane.
What contains a set of instructions in a cell?
DNA.
What is involved in reading the instructions of a cell?
Ribosomes and RNA.
How do cells get and use energy?
Through cellular respiration and photosynthesis (in plants).
Describe the steps involved in the making of proteins.
- Transcription of DNA to mRNA in the nucleus
- Translation of mRNA to protein at ribosomes
What organelles are involved in the distribution of proteins?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Vesicles
Why might some cells have more mitochondria than others?
Cells that require more energy, like muscle cells, have more mitochondria.
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells are generally _______ than eukaryotic cells.
smaller
True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts while animal cells do not.
True
