A&P 1 L 3 Flashcards
0
Q
Branched duct leads to surface
A
Compound glands
1
Q
Unbranched duct leads to surface
A
Simple glands
2
Q
Watery secretion with high enzyme concentration
A
Serous cells
3
Q
Secrete thick mucous that is rich in glycoproteins “mucin”
A
Mucous cells
4
Q
What granular secretion glands stays in tact and release fluid without loss (majority of secretory cells)
A
Merocrine glands
5
Q
What type of epithelial gland Secrete products thru ducts?
A
Exocrine
6
Q
What type of epithelial gland Secrete products directly into tissue fluid or blood? (Ductless)
A
Endocrine
7
Q
Types of multicellular glands
A
Simple & compound
8
Q
What are the classification of gland shapes
A
Tubular & alveolar
9
Q
Consist of epithelial-lined tubes
A
Tubular glands
10
Q
Terminal portions form saclike dilutions
A
Alveolar/Acrinar glands
11
Q
Major cell types
A
Resident & Wandering
12
Q
Types of resident cells
A
Fibroblast, macrophages & mast cells
13
Q
Example of wandering cells
A
White blood cells
14
Q
Types of connective tissue fibers
A
Collagenous, elastic & reticular
15
Q
Characteristics of connective tissues
A
- cells are widely scattered
- usually has a good direct blood supply
- matrix
16
Q
Substance that suspends cells in tissue
A
Matrix
17
Q
3 types of matrix
A
Liquid/fluid
Solid
Gel
18
Q
Big scavenger cells
A
Macrophages
19
Q
Types of mast cells
A
Heparin
Histamine
Growth Factor
20
Q
Blood thinner
A
Heparin
21
Q
Defense against allergens
A
Histamines
22
Q
Produces protein fiber cells
A
Fibroblast
23
Q
Found in constant #’s most of the time
A
Resident cells
24
Temporary residents
Wandering cells
25
- made of collagen
- strongest fiber
- "white fibers"
- non elastic
Collagenous
26
- made of elastin
- yellow fibers
- elastic
Elastic
27
- made of collagen
- really thin
- web-like
- support/protect organs
Reticular fibers
28
Types of connective tissue
Loose, adipose, fibrous(dense), elastic, & reticular
29
Binds muscle to bone
Tendons
30
Binds bone to bone
Ligaments
31
Connective tissue that is found in tendons & ligaments
Fibrous(dense) C.T
32
Reticular Connective Tissue located where
- omentum
| - mesentary
33
Elastic Connective Tissue located where
Framework of the ears & larynx
34
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, & fibrocartilage are what type of connective tissues & has what type of matrix
Cartilagenous; gel
35
Shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure; protective cushions between joints in knees and between bones in the pelvic
Fibrocartilage
36
Most common type of cartilagenous connective tissue
Hyaline cartilage C.T
37
Cartilage cells are called what & found where
Chondrocytes; lacunae
38
Bone cells called; type of matrix
Osteocytes; solid
39
Fat cells are called
Adipocytes
40
Rings of bones are called; spaces on the rings are called
Lamellae; lacunae
41
Tiny channels are called; coming from the center of of the bone is called
Canaliculi; Haversian canal
42
Unit of compact bone
Osteon
43
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Enamel
44
What are the 2 types of bone?
Spongy & compact
45
What does the WBCs & macrophages do when there's an inflammation?
Localize the the injury
46
Movement of WBCs thru blood vessel walls
Diapedesis
47
What type of marrow is at the end of the long bones?
Red bone marrow
48
Blood cell producing tissue
Hematopoietic tissue
49
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
50
Muscle that's striated, multi-nucleated, voluntary, & used for movement is?
Skeletal
51
Muscle that is non striated, mono-nucleated, involuntary & lines the walls or organs & blood vessels
Smooth
52
2 types of autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic & sympathetic
53
Somatic nervous system controls what muscle
Skeletal
54
Flight or fight
Parasympathetic
55
Restorative or normal
Sympathetic
56
Nerve cells are called
Neurons
57
What order does the nerve travel
Dendrites ---> cell body----> axon
58
Name the membranes of the integumentary system
Mucous, serous, synovial & cutaneous
59
What part of the integumentary membrane: Line body cavities that have direct opening to the outside (E.T/C.T)
Mucous membranes
60
What part of the integumentary membrane: line all body cavities that DO NOT have a direct opening to the outside (Simple squamous E.T/C.T)
Serous membrane
61
What part of the integumentary membrane: line joint cavities (all C.T that contains loose & adipose)
Synovial membrane
62
The human skin comprises mainly of what specific membrane?
Cutaneous Membrane
63
What type of Epithelial Tissue is above the basement membrane?
Stratified Squamous E.T
64
What is the layer of skin above/below the basement membrane?
Epidermis/Dermis
65
The cube-like layer that goes thru mitosis and located above the basement membrane is the?
Stratum germinatium
66
The layer of skin above the stratum germinatium is?
Stratum spinosum
67
The layer above the stratum spinosum?
Stratum granulosum
68
Transitional layer above the stratum granulosum and is dying skin cells is?
Stratum lucidem
69
The very top layer of the skin that is all dead skin cel that has a waterproof barrierl is?
Stratum corneum
70
What does stratum mean?
Layer
71
Name the connective tissue in the dermis?
Blood, adipose & mainly loose C.T
72
Layer under the dermis
Subcutaneous/hypodermis
73
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?
Insulation &holds it in place
74
Types of tissue in the dermis?
Loose, adipose, & blood C.T; granular E.T; nervous T; Muscle T
75
The skin that extend into the epidermis is called what
Dermal papillae
76
Melanocytes are along the basement membrane and produces skin color called what?
Melanin
77
An accessory organ of the skin that produces melanin?
Melanocytes
78
An accessory in the skin that is high in the dermis along the basement membrane also known as the "cutaneous receptors"
Corpuscles
79
Muscle that is base of a hair follicle
Arrector pili muscle
80
Hair loss technical term is?
Alopecia
81
Iron containing pigments red pigments
Trichosiderin
82
What gland secretes sebum and causes acne?
Sebaceous
83
Sweat glands are called?
Suderiferous glands
84
What shape does the suderiferous glands have?
Coilled
85
What type of suderiferous glands responds to emotions during puberty?
Apocrine Sweat Glands
86
What type of suderiferous gland responds to body temperature?
Eccrine sweat glands
87
What is the primary way to release body heat?
Radiation
88
Ex: when your body is hot and you sit down on a cold chair. All your body heat transfers into the chair. What type of body temperature regulation is this?
Conduction
89
3 ways to get skin color?
Genetic DNA
Environmental (can change by the sun & wind)
Physiological (chemicals/medicine)
90
Yellow-orange plant pigments
Carotene
91
Epithelial tissue: what are the 3 cell shapes?
Cuboidal, squamous, & columnar
92
2 types of epithelial tissue?
Simple & striated
93
How many layers does simple epithelial have?
1
94
How many layers does striated E.T have?
2+
95
What type of the 4 tissue types always have a free surface?
Epithelial tissue
96
What type of tissue has
- no direct blood supply
- are tightly packed together
Epithelial tissue
97
What are the 3 primary functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection, secretion and absorption (excretion)
98
What is the lunula?
The most active growing region of the nails
99
A deep partial thickness burn is known as
2nd degree
100
Skin transplanted to a burned region from an unburied region of the same body is called
Autograft
101
Cells are organized into layers or groups called
Tissues
102
What tissue is the major type of tissue found in glands
Epithelial
103
What specific type of tissue covers the ovaries, lines many of the kidney tubules and lines the ducts of various glands
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
104
Goblet cells secrete
Mucus
105
What specific tissue lines the passages of the respiratory system and various tubes of the reproductive system
Pseudostriatified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue
106
What is the most common cell found in C.T
Fibroblast
107
What are the support cells of the nervous tissue called
Neuroglial
108
What lies between the epidermis and the dermis
Basement membrane
109
What system consists of a variety of macrophages produced by several types of connective tissue?
Reticuloendothelial C.T
110
A mass of merging cells that acts as a unit called the
Functional syncytium
111
What are the layers of the skin from the basement membrane to the surface of epithelial tissue?
Stratum germinatium, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidem & stratum corneum
112
What is albinism?
D/O When the body does produce melanocytes
113
What are the 2 types of corpuscles?
Pacinian & meissener's
114
Heavy pressure is what type of corpuscle?
Pacinian
115
Light touch is what type of corpuscle?
Meissener's
116
The bottom of the hair follicle is called the?
Root "base"
117
The hair part of the hair follicle is called the
Shaft
118
What tissue/cells makes up the hair and nails?
Epithelial
119
What type of body regulation has a cooler substance flowing over a warming substance?
Convection
120
What are the 2 types of skin grafts?
Homograft & autograft
121
The nail part of the digits that are keratinized is call nail what?
Plate
122
What type of granular secretion glands release the entire cell fluid?
Holocrine gland
123
Exocrine are & produce what cells?
Multicellular & unicellular; globet cells
124
Calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate makes up the what major type of connective tissue
Bone C.T
