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College of the Mainland Class Notes > A&P 1 L 3 > Flashcards

A&P 1 L 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Branched duct leads to surface

A

Compound glands

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1
Q

Unbranched duct leads to surface

A

Simple glands

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2
Q

Watery secretion with high enzyme concentration

A

Serous cells

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3
Q

Secrete thick mucous that is rich in glycoproteins “mucin”

A

Mucous cells

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4
Q

What granular secretion glands stays in tact and release fluid without loss (majority of secretory cells)

A

Merocrine glands

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5
Q

What type of epithelial gland Secrete products thru ducts?

A

Exocrine

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6
Q

What type of epithelial gland Secrete products directly into tissue fluid or blood? (Ductless)

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

Types of multicellular glands

A

Simple & compound

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8
Q

What are the classification of gland shapes

A

Tubular & alveolar

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9
Q

Consist of epithelial-lined tubes

A

Tubular glands

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10
Q

Terminal portions form saclike dilutions

A

Alveolar/Acrinar glands

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11
Q

Major cell types

A

Resident & Wandering

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12
Q

Types of resident cells

A

Fibroblast, macrophages & mast cells

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13
Q

Example of wandering cells

A

White blood cells

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14
Q

Types of connective tissue fibers

A

Collagenous, elastic & reticular

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15
Q

Characteristics of connective tissues

A
  • cells are widely scattered
  • usually has a good direct blood supply
  • matrix
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16
Q

Substance that suspends cells in tissue

A

Matrix

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17
Q

3 types of matrix

A

Liquid/fluid
Solid
Gel

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18
Q

Big scavenger cells

A

Macrophages

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19
Q

Types of mast cells

A

Heparin
Histamine
Growth Factor

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20
Q

Blood thinner

A

Heparin

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21
Q

Defense against allergens

A

Histamines

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22
Q

Produces protein fiber cells

A

Fibroblast

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23
Q

Found in constant #’s most of the time

A

Resident cells

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24
Q

Temporary residents

A

Wandering cells

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25
Q
  • made of collagen
  • strongest fiber
  • “white fibers”
  • non elastic
A

Collagenous

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26
Q
  • made of elastin
  • yellow fibers
  • elastic
A

Elastic

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27
Q
  • made of collagen
  • really thin
  • web-like
  • support/protect organs
A

Reticular fibers

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28
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose, adipose, fibrous(dense), elastic, & reticular

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29
Q

Binds muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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30
Q

Binds bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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31
Q

Connective tissue that is found in tendons & ligaments

A

Fibrous(dense) C.T

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32
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue located where

A
  • omentum

- mesentary

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33
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue located where

A

Framework of the ears & larynx

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34
Q

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, & fibrocartilage are what type of connective tissues & has what type of matrix

A

Cartilagenous; gel

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35
Q

Shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure; protective cushions between joints in knees and between bones in the pelvic

A

Fibrocartilage

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36
Q

Most common type of cartilagenous connective tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage C.T

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37
Q

Cartilage cells are called what & found where

A

Chondrocytes; lacunae

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38
Q

Bone cells called; type of matrix

A

Osteocytes; solid

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39
Q

Fat cells are called

A

Adipocytes

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40
Q

Rings of bones are called; spaces on the rings are called

A

Lamellae; lacunae

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41
Q

Tiny channels are called; coming from the center of of the bone is called

A

Canaliculi; Haversian canal

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42
Q

Unit of compact bone

A

Osteon

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43
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

Enamel

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44
Q

What are the 2 types of bone?

A

Spongy & compact

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45
Q

What does the WBCs & macrophages do when there’s an inflammation?

A

Localize the the injury

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46
Q

Movement of WBCs thru blood vessel walls

A

Diapedesis

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47
Q

What type of marrow is at the end of the long bones?

A

Red bone marrow

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48
Q

Blood cell producing tissue

A

Hematopoietic tissue

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49
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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50
Q

Muscle that’s striated, multi-nucleated, voluntary, & used for movement is?

A

Skeletal

51
Q

Muscle that is non striated, mono-nucleated, involuntary & lines the walls or organs & blood vessels

A

Smooth

52
Q

2 types of autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic & sympathetic

53
Q

Somatic nervous system controls what muscle

A

Skeletal

54
Q

Flight or fight

A

Parasympathetic

55
Q

Restorative or normal

A

Sympathetic

56
Q

Nerve cells are called

A

Neurons

57
Q

What order does the nerve travel

A

Dendrites —> cell body—-> axon

58
Q

Name the membranes of the integumentary system

A

Mucous, serous, synovial & cutaneous

59
Q

What part of the integumentary membrane: Line body cavities that have direct opening to the outside (E.T/C.T)

A

Mucous membranes

60
Q

What part of the integumentary membrane: line all body cavities that DO NOT have a direct opening to the outside (Simple squamous E.T/C.T)

A

Serous membrane

61
Q

What part of the integumentary membrane: line joint cavities (all C.T that contains loose & adipose)

A

Synovial membrane

62
Q

The human skin comprises mainly of what specific membrane?

A

Cutaneous Membrane

63
Q

What type of Epithelial Tissue is above the basement membrane?

A

Stratified Squamous E.T

64
Q

What is the layer of skin above/below the basement membrane?

A

Epidermis/Dermis

65
Q

The cube-like layer that goes thru mitosis and located above the basement membrane is the?

A

Stratum germinatium

66
Q

The layer of skin above the stratum germinatium is?

A

Stratum spinosum

67
Q

The layer above the stratum spinosum?

A

Stratum granulosum

68
Q

Transitional layer above the stratum granulosum and is dying skin cells is?

A

Stratum lucidem

69
Q

The very top layer of the skin that is all dead skin cel that has a waterproof barrierl is?

A

Stratum corneum

70
Q

What does stratum mean?

A

Layer

71
Q

Name the connective tissue in the dermis?

A

Blood, adipose & mainly loose C.T

72
Q

Layer under the dermis

A

Subcutaneous/hypodermis

73
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Insulation &holds it in place

74
Q

Types of tissue in the dermis?

A

Loose, adipose, & blood C.T; granular E.T; nervous T; Muscle T

75
Q

The skin that extend into the epidermis is called what

A

Dermal papillae

76
Q

Melanocytes are along the basement membrane and produces skin color called what?

A

Melanin

77
Q

An accessory organ of the skin that produces melanin?

A

Melanocytes

78
Q

An accessory in the skin that is high in the dermis along the basement membrane also known as the “cutaneous receptors”

A

Corpuscles

79
Q

Muscle that is base of a hair follicle

A

Arrector pili muscle

80
Q

Hair loss technical term is?

A

Alopecia

81
Q

Iron containing pigments red pigments

A

Trichosiderin

82
Q

What gland secretes sebum and causes acne?

A

Sebaceous

83
Q

Sweat glands are called?

A

Suderiferous glands

84
Q

What shape does the suderiferous glands have?

A

Coilled

85
Q

What type of suderiferous glands responds to emotions during puberty?

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

86
Q

What type of suderiferous gland responds to body temperature?

A

Eccrine sweat glands

87
Q

What is the primary way to release body heat?

A

Radiation

88
Q

Ex: when your body is hot and you sit down on a cold chair. All your body heat transfers into the chair. What type of body temperature regulation is this?

A

Conduction

89
Q

3 ways to get skin color?

A

Genetic DNA
Environmental (can change by the sun & wind)
Physiological (chemicals/medicine)

90
Q

Yellow-orange plant pigments

A

Carotene

91
Q

Epithelial tissue: what are the 3 cell shapes?

A

Cuboidal, squamous, & columnar

92
Q

2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple & striated

93
Q

How many layers does simple epithelial have?

A

1

94
Q

How many layers does striated E.T have?

A

2+

95
Q

What type of the 4 tissue types always have a free surface?

A

Epithelial tissue

96
Q

What type of tissue has

  • no direct blood supply
  • are tightly packed together
A

Epithelial tissue

97
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, secretion and absorption (excretion)

98
Q

What is the lunula?

A

The most active growing region of the nails

99
Q

A deep partial thickness burn is known as

A

2nd degree

100
Q

Skin transplanted to a burned region from an unburied region of the same body is called

A

Autograft

101
Q

Cells are organized into layers or groups called

A

Tissues

102
Q

What tissue is the major type of tissue found in glands

A

Epithelial

103
Q

What specific type of tissue covers the ovaries, lines many of the kidney tubules and lines the ducts of various glands

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

104
Q

Goblet cells secrete

A

Mucus

105
Q

What specific tissue lines the passages of the respiratory system and various tubes of the reproductive system

A

Pseudostriatified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue

106
Q

What is the most common cell found in C.T

A

Fibroblast

107
Q

What are the support cells of the nervous tissue called

A

Neuroglial

108
Q

What lies between the epidermis and the dermis

A

Basement membrane

109
Q

What system consists of a variety of macrophages produced by several types of connective tissue?

A

Reticuloendothelial C.T

110
Q

A mass of merging cells that acts as a unit called the

A

Functional syncytium

111
Q

What are the layers of the skin from the basement membrane to the surface of epithelial tissue?

A

Stratum germinatium, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidem & stratum corneum

112
Q

What is albinism?

A

D/O When the body does produce melanocytes

113
Q

What are the 2 types of corpuscles?

A

Pacinian & meissener’s

114
Q

Heavy pressure is what type of corpuscle?

A

Pacinian

115
Q

Light touch is what type of corpuscle?

A

Meissener’s

116
Q

The bottom of the hair follicle is called the?

A

Root “base”

117
Q

The hair part of the hair follicle is called the

A

Shaft

118
Q

What tissue/cells makes up the hair and nails?

A

Epithelial

119
Q

What type of body regulation has a cooler substance flowing over a warming substance?

A

Convection

120
Q

What are the 2 types of skin grafts?

A

Homograft & autograft

121
Q

The nail part of the digits that are keratinized is call nail what?

A

Plate

122
Q

What type of granular secretion glands release the entire cell fluid?

A

Holocrine gland

123
Q

Exocrine are & produce what cells?

A

Multicellular & unicellular; globet cells

124
Q

Calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate makes up the what major type of connective tissue

A

Bone C.T

College of the Mainland Class Notes (19 decks)

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