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College of the Mainland Class Notes > A&P 1 L 5 > Flashcards

A&P 1 L 5 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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0
Q

Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)

A

Elevation

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1
Q

Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders)

A

Depression

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2
Q

Moving a part backward (pulling the chin backward)

A

Retraction

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3
Q

Moving a part forward (thrusting the chin forward)

A

Protraction

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4
Q

Turning the foot so the sole faces medially

A

Inversion

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5
Q

Turning the foot so the sole faces laterally

A

Eversion

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6
Q

Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

Pronation

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7
Q

Turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

Supination

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8
Q

Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving the hand

A

Circumduction

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9
Q

Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side).

A

Rotation

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10
Q

Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body)

A

Adduction

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11
Q

Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body)

A

Abduction

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12
Q

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward)

A

Plantar flexion

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13
Q

Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward)

A

Dorsiflexion

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14
Q

Excess extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position)

A

Hyperextension

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15
Q

Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening the lower limb at the knee)

A

Extension

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16
Q

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending lower limb at the knee)

A

Flexion

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17
Q

Muscle primarily responsible for a particular movement

A

Prime mover

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18
Q

What muscle helps the prime mover

A

Synergistic muscles

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19
Q

What muscle resist the prime mover and stabilizes the muscle

A

Antagonist

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20
Q

Joint capsule of a synovial joint is called a

A

Bursa

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21
Q

What is the fluid that serves as the best lubricant

A

Synovial fluid

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22
Q

Moveable end of a joint

A

Insertion

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23
Q

The non moveable end is known as? Also known as?

A

Origin/fixed

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24
2+ bones come together to form a joint
Articulation
25
Muscles are found in
Groups
26
What type of tissue is found around synovial joints
C.T
27
Binds muscle to bone
Tendons
28
When fascia comes together it forms what
Tendons
29
What separates individual muscles into groups
Fascis
30
What muscle surrounds the muscle to form a bundle
Aponeuroses
31
What divides the muscle inside the muscle
Paramycium
32
The expanded pouch on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is called a
Cristernae
33
What allows the nervous impulses to enter a muscle cell
T. Tubes (transverse tubules)
34
Unit of contraction
Sarcomere
35
cisternae stores what
Calcium
36
What are the 2 proteins of a myofibrils
Actin & myosin
37
What is the protein of a muscle called
Myofibrils
38
The muscle membrane is called
Sarcolemma
39
The plasm in the muscle fiber is called
Sarcoplasm
40
Little groups in the paramycium is called
Fascile
41
Extensions that covers each individual muscle for more protection
Epimycium
42
Covers the muscle cell
Endomycium
43
What is the most important mineral for muscle contraction
Calcium
44
Myo & sarco means
Muscle
45
An active cell contains a lot of what
Mitochondria & ribosomes
46
Structure of myosin; amount
Thick; 2/3
47
Structure of actin; amount
Thin; 1/4
48
A muscle cell is also called at what and why
Fiber; they are so long
49
Sheets of what type of connective tissue covers the muscle
Dense
50
What is the function of SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum
Transportation
51
Muscular disease/disorders: a tumor composed of a muscle tissue
Myoma
52
Muscular disease/disorders: crippling disease that progressively & gradually weakens & atrophies muscle
Muscular dystrophy
53
Muscular disease/disorders: prolonged muscle spasm
Myotoma
54
Muscular disease/disorders: involuntary contraction of muscles
Convulsion
55
Muscular disease/disorders: pain resulting from any muscular disease or disorder
Myalgia
56
Muscular disease/disorders: chronic disease; muscles easily fatigued due to a disorder at some neuromuscular junctions Causes the improper transmission of stimuli
Myasthenia gravis
57
Muscular disease/disorders: rapid & uncoordinated contractions of individual muscle fibers that occur spontaneously
Fibrillation
58
Muscular disease/disorders: loss of the ability to move a body part
Paralysis
59
Muscular disease/disorders: partial or slight paralysis of the muscle
Paresis
60
Muscular disease/disorders: persistent quivering of a muscle
Myokymia
61
Muscular disease/disorders: degenerative disease in which skeletal muscle is replaced by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrosis
62
Muscular disease/disorders: the study of muscles
Myology
63
Loss of muscle's ability to contract
Muscle fatigue
64
Can result from muscle fatigue; lack of ATP; Lactic acid build-up
Muscle Cramp
65
When muscle goes anaerobic it produces lactic acid called
Oxygen debt
66
When the body clear up lactic acid from body is called
Repaid oxygen debt
67
What the the order of oxygen debt
Goes anaerobic-> lactic acid--> transfer thru blood ---> liver-> pyruvic acid (glucose)
68
``` Requires ATP in large amounts ATPase (ATP->ADP) Stored glycogen Creating phosphate Myoglobin ```
Skeletal muscle
69
Muscular responses: Minimal strength of stimulation needed to cause a contraction
Threshold srimulus
70
Muscular responses: No partial contractions of a muscle fibers
All or none
71
Muscular responses: Muscles shorten when they contract; attached ends pull closer together
Isotonic contraction
72
Muscular responses: Skeletal muscle contracts; but doesn't change in length
Isometric contraction
73
Muscular responses: Gives us posture (certain muscles that stay in a partial muscle contraction)
Tonus (muscle tone)
74
Muscular responses: What is tetanic contraction
Seizures rapid contractions
75
What muscle moves blood to veins
Skeletal muscles
76
Major source of body heat
Skeletal muscle
77
Heat is transported by what
Blood
78
When heat is transported by blood it helps ______________
Maintain body temperature
79
Lactic acid causes pH changes so the muscle fibers
No longer responsive to stimulation
80
Pigment synthesized in muscle cells; readily combines with & stores oxygen
Myoglobin
81
Enzyme in mitochondria that promotes synthesis of ___________; energy derived from ATP stored within bonds of ___________
Creatine phosphokinase
82
Primary source of energy available to regenerate ATP from ADP & phosphate
Creatine phosphate
83
Decomposes ATP to ADP & phosphate; releases energy
Myosin contains ATPase
84
Muscle has a supply of glucose in the form of stored what
Glycogen

College of the Mainland Class Notes (19 decks)

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