A&P 2 L4

Question 0

Fluid that the lymphatic vessels carry

Answer 0

Lymph

Question 1

Mass of lymphoid tissue located along the course of a lymphatic vessel

Answer 1

Lymph node

Question 2

Type of white blood cell that provides immunity; B cell or T cell

Answer 2

Lymphocyte

Question 3

Composed of 3 layers: an endothelial lining, a middle layer of smooth muscle/elastic fibers & outer layer of CT
similar to veins but thinner

Answer 3

Lymphatic vessels

Question 4

What drains lymph from the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 4

Lymphatic trunk

Question 5

Microscopic, closed-ended tubes; forms complex networks with the blood capillaries; picks up plasma

Answer 5

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 6

What are the 2 main collecting ducts

Answer 6

Thoracic duct & right lymphatic duct

Question 7

Larger, longer of the 2 collecting ducts; originates in the abdomen; empties in the left subclavian vein

Answer 7

Thoracic duct

Question 8

Originates in the right thorax; empties in the right subclavian vein

Answer 8

Right lymphatic duct

Question 9

What happens after the lymph empties in the collecting ducts?

Answer 9

It’s now called plasma; returns to the right atrium

Question 10

Where does the lymph from the lower body region enter

Answer 10

Thoracic duct

Question 11

Where does the lymph from the right side of the head & neck enter

Answer 11

Right lymphatic duct

Question 12

What moves lymph through the lymphatic system

Answer 12

Hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure & valves

Question 13

Blood vessels & nerves join a lymph node through the indented region of the node

Answer 13

Hilum

Question 14

What type of lymphatic vessels leads a node at various points on its convex surface

Answer 14

Afferent vessels

Question 15

What type of lymphatic vessel leaves the node from the hilum

Answer 15

Efferent vessels

Question 16

Allergy-causing agents (non-living); dust; pollen; food

Answer 16

allergens

Question 17

Any response given by a lymphocyte to an antigen

Answer 17

Immunity

Question 18

A particular antigen; antibiotics for staph/strep; vaccination shot

Answer 18

Specific

Question 19

Covers a whole wide range; broad group

Answer 19

Non-specific

Question 20

Any substance to which a lymphocyte shows a response; bacteria in body

Answer 20

Antigens

Question 21

What are the 2 groups of antigens

Answer 21

Pathogens & allergens

Question 22

Disease-causing agents (living organism); viruses; protozoans; bacteria; fungi

Answer 22

Pathogens

Question 23

What attacks viruses & tumor; malignant/beign?

Answer 23

Interferon

Question 24

What is the primary response to prevent the injury from spreading called

Answer 24

Localization

Question 25

What removes unwanted clots

Answer 25

Heparin

Question 26

Chemical attraction of WBCs toward the injury site

Answer 26

Positive chemotaxis

Question 27

Stoppage of bleeding

Answer 27

Hemostasis

Question 28

Movement of WBCs thru vessel walls

Answer 28

Diapedesis

Question 29

Removal of damaged/cells and pathogens from area is known as

Answer 29

Phagocytosis

Question 30

What Maintains constant blood volume prevent edema

Answer 30

Lymphatic system

Question 31

What increases metabolic rate of tissue cells (ct cells; mitosis; cell growth)

Answer 31

Growth factors

Question 32

What is released when cells are damaged

Answer 32

Chemicals; kinins; histamines; etc

Question 33

What are some examples of injurious agents

Answer 33

Pathogens; allergens; chemicals

Question 34

When blood vessels dilate what happens next

Answer 34

Increased in blood flow into area

Question 35

What happens after clotting proteins enter the area

Answer 35

Hemostasis

Question 36

Fluid in tissue spaces

Answer 36

Edema

Question 37

The presents and multiplication of disease-causing agents

Answer 37

Infection

Question 38

Blood cell producing tissue

Answer 38

Hematopoietic tissue

Question 39

Substances that the body produces

Answer 39

Self-substances

Question 40

Substances that enters our body from the outside

Answer 40

Non-self substance

Question 41

RBM in the fetus produces what

Answer 41

Undifferentiated lymphocytes

Question 42

When a cell is undifferentiated it

Answer 42

Has no purpose

Question 43

When a cell is differentiated it

Answer 43

Has a purpose

Question 44

Stem cells are

Answer 44

Undifferentiated

Question 45

During fetal development what produces blood cells

Answer 45

Fetal liver, spleen & yolk sac

Question 46

The undifferentiated lymphocytes goes into what

Answer 46

The blood

Question 47

What hormone does the thymus gland produce

Answer 47

Thymosin

Question 48

Thymosin targets what cells

Answer 48

Thymocytes

Question 49

Once thymocytes are differentiated they produce what

Answer 49

T lymphocytes or T cells

Question 50

About 70-80% of the __ ___________ circulates the lymphocytes

Answer 50

T lymphocytes

Question 51

About 20-30% of what becomes abundant in lymph nodes; thoracic duct; spleen

Answer 51

T lymphocytes

Question 52

Where is the thymus gland located

Answer 52

Between the trachea & heart

Question 53

About what % of the undifferentiated lymphocytes are processed in the liver

Answer 53

50%

Question 54

Bone marrow derived are known as

Answer 54

B-lymphocytes

Question 55

Approximately what % does b lymphocytes circulates the lymphocytes

Answer 55

20-30%

Question 56

What cells act directly against antigens by producing & secreting antibodies

Answer 56

B cells

Question 57

What is an example of antibodies

Answer 57

Gamma globulins

Question 58

What cells synthesize and secrete lymphokines which enhance various cellular response to antigens

Answer 58

T cells

Question 59

Which cell are cell mediated

Answer 59

T & B cells

Question 60

What cell requires the presence of another kind of cell before they become activated

Answer 60

T cells

Question 61

When someone acts the same way as you they are a

Answer 61

Clone

Question 62

1st time T cell or B cell sees its particular antigen: 1st encounter with particular antigen

Answer 62

Primary immune response

Question 63

Anytime after the 1st encounter; a lot of memory cells that are left; they remember that particular antigen & attack fast

Answer 63

Secondary immune response

Question 64

What produces antibodies

Answer 64

B cells

Question 65

What are lacteals

Answer 65

Specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine

Question 66

What are the functions of lacteals

Answer 66

Absorb & transport lipids from the digestive system

Question 67

Tissue fluid that has entered a lymphatic capillary is called

Answer 67

Lymph

Question 68

Lymph glands are called

Answer 68

Nodes

Question 69

What is the largest lymphatic organ

Answer 69

Spleen

Question 70

Where are t lymphocytes produced

Answer 70

Thymus gland

Question 71

Disease-causing agents are known as

Answer 71

Pathogens

Question 72

Name some non-specific immunity

Answer 72

Species resistance, mechanical barriers, enzymatic actions, interferon, inflammation, phagocytosis

Question 73

The resistance of a particular foreign agents is called

Answer 73

Specific immunity

Question 74

A group of hormone-like peptides; produced by lymphocytes & fibroblasts are known as

Answer 74

Interferon

Question 75

An artificially acquired active immunity is also known as

Answer 75

Vaccine

Question 76

What reaction can either be immediate or delayed

Answer 76

Allergic

Question 77

What type of drugs are given to organ transplant recipients

Answer 77

Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 78

The right lymphatic duct empties into the what of the circulatory system

Answer 78

Right subclavian vein

Question 79

The movement of lymph is controlled largely by

Answer 79

Skeletal activity

Question 80

Structural units of lymph nodes are called

Answer 80

Nodules

Question 81

Lymph nodes contain large numbers of cells called

Answer 81

Lymphocytes

Question 82

Large numbers of what are responsible for the color of the "red pulp" in the spleen

Answer 82

RBCs

Question 83

The body's defense mechanisms against disease-agents is called

Answer 83

Immunity

Question 84

What picks up the plasma that escapes from the capillary beds

Answer 84

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 85

What filters lymph

Answer 85

Lymph nodes

Question 86

What area few ways to move lymph

Answer 86

Skeletal muscles, valves, atmospheric pressure, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure

Question 87

Where does interstitial fluid originate from

Answer 87

Plasma

Question 88

What is a lobule

Answer 88

A space/cavity in the spleen

Question 89

What tissue makes up the lymph nodes

Answer 89

Dense ct

Question 90

Where is you spleen located

Answer 90

Lateral to stomach or outside the greater omentum

Question 91

What organ is full of lymphocytes

Answer 91

Spleen

Question 92

What organ can we live without in the lymphatic system

Answer 92

Spleen

Question 93

Where are T cells produced

Answer 93

Thymus gland

Question 94

Antibodies produced & secreted by ______ are ALL soluble globular proteins called_______

Answer 94

B cells; immunoglobulins

Question 95

What can serve as an accessory cell to the T cells

Answer 95

Macrophages/B cells

Question 96

Type of Specific Immunity: produces antibodies; long term immunity; gets the disease

Answer 96

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 97

Type of specific immunity: long term immunity; vaccine

Answer 97

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 98

Type of specific immunity: gamma globulins injections with ready made antibodies; short term

Answer 98

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 99

What are haptens

Answer 99

Small allergens

Question 100

What drug stops the body from rejecting the organ

Answer 100

Immunosuppressive drug

Question 101

What allows females to keep an embryo attached to her uterus; prevents antibodies to attack the fetus

Answer 101

Selective immune response

Question 102

Type of allergic reaction: exaggerated response

Answer 102

Delay

Question 103

Type of allergic response: when exposed with allergen; has an allergic reaction right away

Answer 103

Immediate

Question 104

Cells produced by allergens design to take care of specific allergens

Answer 104

T suppressor

Question 105

T or B cells remember the antigen after 1st response; prevents you from getting as ill (Basically when you get sick, the specific cell comes to the site and fights the antigen off so that you don't get sick the 2nd time)

Answer 105

Memory cells

Question 106

What happens after hemostasis in the immunity response

Answer 106

Fibrin barrier

Question 107

Every species are immune from other species; resistance to the diseases

Answer 107

Species resistance

Question 108

Membranes (cutaneous membrane=skin) keeps everything out

Answer 108

Mechanical barriers

Question 109

Everyone of our body fluid contains enzymes that fight infections

Answer 109

Enzymatic actions

Question 110

Chemical produced by fibroblast & lymphocyte | Viruses & tumors

Answer 110

Interferon

Question 111

Neutrophil & monocytes to engulf them | Eats everything

Answer 111

Phagocytosis

Question 112

What is the difference between specific & non-specific immunity

Answer 112

Specific- respond to a unique/particular set of cells; non-specific- responds to a wide range of cells

Question 113

What does the spleen filter?

Answer 113

Blood

Question 114

The vessels into which fats are absorbed are called

Answer 114

Lacteals

Question 115

Where is the red pulp & white pulp located

Answer 115

Spleen

Question 116

The red & white pulp are located where in the spleen

Answer 116

In the lobules

Question 117

What is the lymph node & spleen sectioned off by

Answer 117

Dense CT