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College of the Mainland Class Notes > A&P 1 L 6 > Flashcards

A&P 1 L 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

The wall of the axon is made up of a group of cells called__________ (w/ same breaks in the same places)

A

Schwann Cells

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1
Q

Cytoplasm of a neuron is called

A

Neuroplasm

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2
Q

Bigger axons have another covering over the Schwann cells called ___________ (w/ the same breaks in the same places)

A

Myelin sheath

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3
Q

The entire neuron is covered by the outer membrane called the___________ (w/ no breaks)

A

Neuralemma

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4
Q

What are the 5 P’s of stress?

A

Physical, physiological, pathological, psychological, psychosocial

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5
Q

What carries impulses to the brain & spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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6
Q

What carries impulses to the effectors

A

Motor neurons

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7
Q

Which nervous system is voluntary & involves the skeletal muscles

A

Somatic N.S

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8
Q

What nervous system is involuntary & involves the heart, glands, smooth muscles

A

Autonomic N.S

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9
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

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10
Q

Restorative activates

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

5 P’s of stress: skipping meals (hypoglycemia)

A

Physiological

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12
Q

5 P’s of stress: can’t take test when ill

A

Pathological

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13
Q

5 P’s of stress: can’t take test

A

Psychological

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14
Q

5 P’s of stress: peer pressure

A

Psychosocial

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15
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: growth hormone

A

Somatotropin

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16
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: stimulates the secretion of milk in mammals

A

Prolactin

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17
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: stimulates cells in the thyroid glands & produces/releases hormones (tropic hormone)

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH)

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18
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: carbohydrate regulation (tropic hormones)

A

Adrenocorticatropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: promotes the development of follicules that contains eggs (gonadotropin hormones)

A

Follicule Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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20
Q

Pituitary gland: Anterior Lobe: works in conjunction with FSH for growth of follicule (gonadotropin hormone)

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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21
Q

What are the 2 gonadotropic hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Follicule Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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22
Q

Pituitary gland: Intermediate lobe: in many vertebrate, stimulates color change & function is unknown in man

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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23
Q

What part of the pituitary gland stores & releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior lobe

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24
What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System?
Sensory,integrative, & motor
25
3 functions of N.S: Ability to sense changes inside & outside the body
Sensory
26
3 functions of N.S: determining the correct response to a stimulus
Integrative
27
3 functions of N.S: effect glands/muscles
Motor
28
Lack of iodine
Goiter
29
Lack of thyroxine in children that could lead to severe mental/physical retardation
Cretinism
30
Too little thyroxine
Hypothyroidism
31
Too much thyroxine
Hyperthyroidism
32
Master gland of the body (located base of the brain)
Pituitary gland
33
What are the 3 lobes of the pituitary gland
Anterior lobe, intermediate lobe & posterior
34
What are the 2 hormones produced by the thyroid gland
Thyroxine & calcitonin
35
What 5 hormones are produced by the hypothalamus
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH), Somatotropin Releasing Hormone, Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
36
Hypothalamus hormone: stimulates the release to TSH from the pituitary gland
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
37
Hypothalamus hormone: controls the release of LH & FSH
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH)
38
Hypothalamus hormone: inhibits the release of somatotropin
Somatostatin Releasing Hormone
39
Hypothalamus hormone: uterine contractions at childbirth & letting down of milk
Oxytocin
40
Hypothalamus hormone: increases the permeability of nephrons to water & increases blood pressure in many vertebrates
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
41
What 2 hormones of the hypothalamus are stored & release by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
42
Thyroid Gland hormone: accelerates rate of cellular metabolism
Thyroxine
43
Thyroid gland hormone: inhibits the release of calcium ions from bones
Calcitonin
44
What 2 glands produced somatostatin?
Hypothalamus & pancreas
45
What gland produces the parathyroid hormone (parathormone)
Parathyroid glands
46
The pineal gland produce
Melatonin
47
The smallest endocrine gland
Pineal gland
48
Regulation of dark/light cycle (sleep during the night & awake during the day) :[circadian rhythm]
Melatonin
49
Resetting your biological clock
Entrainment
50
What are the 2 gonads
Testes & ovaries
51
Every male hormones are
Androgen
52
Every female hormone are
Estrogens
53
The cranial & spinal nerves are pat of what division of the nervous system
Peripheral N.S
54
What specific division of the nervous system controls the voluntary or skeletal muscles
Somatic N.S
55
Where are the nissl bodies found?
In the neuroplasm of the neurons
56
What is the function of a nissl body
Transport materials
57
Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath are known as
Nodes of ranvier
58
Unmyelinated nerve tissue appears what color
Gray
59
What type of neurological cells help support neurons & phagocytize bacterial cells & cellular debris
Microglia
60
If the cytoplasm of a neuron is positively charge with respect to the extracellular fluid surrounding it, a what potential exists
Action or electrical
61
The junction between 2 neurons is called
Synapse
62
Acetylcholine is the most common what
Neurotransmitter
63
Afferent neurons are also known as what neurons
Sensory
64
Where is cholinesterase produced
Dendrites
65
What is meant by "saltatory conduction"
The jumping of a nervous impulse from node to node
66
What gland is considered to be the "master glands" of the body
Pituitary gland
67
An action potential is always carried toward the cell body of a neuron by
Dendrites
68
A reflex arc always begin with what & end with what
Receptor; effector
69
The effector is
Muscle & glands
70
Where is an inter neuron or association neuron located
Brain or spinal cord (CNS)
71
What specific division of the N.S is responsible for the "fight or flight" response
Sympathetic
72
What part of the brain is responsible for the coordination of the body
Cerebellum
73
Glands that secrete their products into ducts are known as what glands
Exocrine
74
Which lobe of the pituitary gland stores and secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus
Posterior lobe
75
The hormone calcitonin is produced and secreted by what gland
Thyroid
76
What hormone is secreted in response to hypoglycemia and which gland secretes it
Glucagon; pancreas
77
Melatonin is produced by which gland
Pineal gland
78
Male sex hormones are collectively called
Androgens
79
Prostaglandins are unlike hormones because that are composed of
Fatty acids
80
Reflex arc is a
Defense mechanism
81
What is the order of the reflex arc
1. Receptor 2. Sensory neuron 3. Inter neuron 4. Motor neuron 5. Effector
82
What can conduct nervous impulses
Neurons
83
What support neurons in the central N.S "only"
Neuroglial cells
84
What are very small in size compared to neurons, scattered thru out the CNS & more than neurons
Neuroglial cells
85
4 types of neuroglial shapes: star-shaped
Astrocytes
86
4 types of neuroglial shapes: along the axon & help produce myelin sheath
Oligoderdrocytes
87
4 types of neuroglial shapes: scavenger cells & phagocytic
Microglia
88
4 types of neuroglial shapes: cube----> columns & line ventricles in the brain & spinal column
Ependyma
89
What are the 3 functions of astrocytes
Regulate ion concentration, form scar tissue & feed neurons
90
What can't mature nucleuses undergo
Mitosis

College of the Mainland Class Notes (19 decks)

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