A&P 2 L5 Flashcards
0
Q
What are the 2 factors that have the primary effect on the composition of the urine:
A
Diet and Exercise
1
Q
ADH is produced by what structure in the body
A
Hypothalamus
2
Q
things we don’t want in the urine
A
Blood, Glucose, Protein, Bacteria
3
Q
Sugar in the urine
A
Glucosuria
4
Q
Hormone released when body is dehydrated
A
ADH- Anti-Diurectic Horomone
5
Q
Hollow chamber located inside the medial depression of the kidney
A
Renal sinus
6
Q
The entrance to the renal sinus is called
A
Hilum
7
Q
Name the expanded superior end of the ureter
A
Renal pelvis
8
Q
What are the functional units of the kidney
A
Nephrons
9
Q
The renal ______ lies between adjacent renal pyramids
A
Columns
10
Q
Where is the hormone erythropoietin produced
A
Kidneys
11
Q
What is the functions of erythropoietin
A
Helps control the rate of RBC formation
12
Q
What is renin
A
An enzyme
13
Q
What is the function of renin
A
Help regulate BP
14
Q
What are the 2 major region of the kidney
A
Medulla & cortex
15
Q
Urine is primarily composed of
A
Water
16
Q
Name substances that are reabsorbed in the nephrons
A
Glucose; a.a; NaCl; Cl; water
17
Q
ADH is secreted when the body is
A
Dehydrated
18
Q
The 1st portion of a nephron is called
A
Renal corpuscle; renal capsule; bowmans capsule
19
Q
The final portion of a nephron is known as
A
Collecting duct
20
Q
Renal veins join the ______ that carries the blood back to the heart
A
Inferior vena cava
21
Q
After end arterioles carry blood to the ______ of each nephron
A
Glomerulus
22
Q
What is urea
A
By-product of an animo acid catabolism
23
Q
Movement of materials from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule occurs in the ______ phase of urine formation
A
Secretion
24
Tubular organs that run from the kidneys to the urinary bladder are
Ureters
25
What is the triangular area that form the 3 openings in the urinary bladder
Trigone
26
What are the 3 openings in the urinary bladder
2 ureter; 1 urethra
27
What is another word for urination
Micturition
28
Which of the sphincters located in the urinary bladder is composed of voluntary muscle
External sphincter
29
The tubular organ running from the urinary bladder to the outside is called
Urethra
30
What are the major arteries that deliver blood to the kidneys
Renal arteries
31
3 phases of urine production
Filtration; reabsorption; secretion
32
Where does the process of filtration occur in the kidneys
Renal capsule
33
The ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow when the arterial blood pressure changes is called
Autoregulation
34
What is autoregulation
The ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow when the arterial blood pressure changes
35
Glucose in the urine is called
Glucosuria
36
What are some methods of passive transport?
Simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion; osmosis; filtration
37
ADH is produced in the
Hypothalamus
38
How many layers does the urinary bladder have
4
39
What are the layers of the urinary bladder
E.T; 2smooth muscles; C.T
40
What are the 2 smooth muscles in the urinary bladder called
Detrusor muscle
41
What kind of reflex is micturition reflex
Simple reflex
42
What are the baroreceptors located in the urinary bladder
Lines the walls
43
What system/s/ is the urethra in male & female
Male: reproductive & urinary
Female: urinary only
44
What causes the sense of urgency
Micturition reflex
45
What type of E.T is in the urinary bladder
Transitional
46
How many layers does the ureter consist of
3
47
What are the 2 sphincters in the urinary system and where are the located
Internal urethra sphincter- top of urethra; between bladder & urethra
External urethra sphincter- below the internal urethra sphincter
48
How many mL could the urinary bladder hold
600
49
What is normal amount of urine in the bladder
150-250 mL
50
What goes under pressure changes
Urinary bladder
51
What is a urethra orrfice
Opening to the outside
52
What is incontinental
Can't control sphincter
53
What is limited transport capacity
Amount of a material that can be transported is limited by the numbers of protein carriers available
54
What stores and releases ADH
Posterior lobe of the pituitary
55
Name the parts of the nephrons in order closest to the glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule; loop of henle; distal convoluted tubule; collecting duct
56
What moves the urine thru the kidneys
Renal pyramids
57
What is normally found in urine
Creatine, creatinine, urea, Uric acid, water, mucus, traces of amino acids, traces of electrolytes
58
Compare passive & active transport
Active: require energy; against the concentration gradient; require protein carriers; endocytosis/exocytosis
Passive: no energy require; with the concentration gradient; no protein carriers required EXCEPT for facilitated diffusion; osmosis/hydrostatic pressure/osmosis/facilitated diffusion
59
What filters blood in the kidneys
Nephrons
60
4 distinct structures in the urinary system
Kidneys; ureters; urinary bladder; urethra
61
What are calyces
Branches
62
Kidney stones form in the
Renal pelvis
63
Characteristics of kidney stones
Jagged and calcium based stones
64
The 3rd layer of CT for protection &
Attaching to tissues to hold it in place
65
Bladder most sensitive to pressure changes
Pregnant woman
66
Finger like projections; empties urine into renal pelvis
Renal papillae
67
All blood that leaves the kidney does so through the renal vein then to the inferior vena cava
Renal vein
68
Supplies blood to the the kidneys; comes off the abdominal aorta
Renal artery
69
Made cortex material that extends down into the medulla
Renal columns
70
Middle section of the kidneys
Renal medulla
71
Groups of tubes that carries urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
72
Superior ends of ureters; it enters the kidney it branches; branches referred to as the renal pelvis
Renal pelvis
73
What percentage of our blood if filtered per day by the kidneys
10-20%
74
When your body doesn't produce enough insulin it result in
Glucosuria
75
The amount of material our body can move in an _______ is limited by the number of carriers
Active transport
76
reabsorption stage takes place in the
Renal tubule
77
The reabsorption stage saves ______ material from the renal tubule & sends it where
Peritubular capillary
78
Where is the glomerulus located
Renal capsule
79
Secretion stage takes place in the
Renal tubule
80
Secretion stage gets rid of
Materials we don't want from the blood into the filtrate
81
Peritubular capillary to the renal tube
Secretion stage
82
Filtration occurs in the
Renal capsule
83
The substance is filtered from capillary bed into the renal tubule
Filtrate
84
What percentage is considered dehydrated
1-2%
85
What is the minimum of mL of urine that should be produced by the kidneys per hour
30
86
What sits on top the kidneys
Adrenal glands
87
The adrenal glands are part of what system
Endocrine
88
Carries blood toward the renal capsule
Afferent arterial
89
Ball of capillaries is called
Glomerulus
90
Function of glomerulus
Filter & exchange material
91
What carries blood away from the glomerulus
Efferent arterial
92
The efferent arterial gets out the capsule and turns into what
Peritubular capillary
93
The peritubular capsule runs around the entire what
Renal tubule
94
After the peritubular capillary it turns into a
Venule
95
Extends into the renal medulla; cortex material; filler substance/protect pyramids
Renal column
96
Carries urine from the nephrons to renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
97
Supplies the kidneys with used blood that is not filtered yet
Suprarenal artery
98
Every bit of blood enters where
Renal artery
99
What is the structure that is before the renal artery where blood passes thru
Abdominal aorta
100
Once the blood leaves the renal artery it enters the kidneys then leaves thru the______ then ________
Renal vein; inferior vena cava
101
Removes certain things out of the blood
Filtration
102
Kidney stones found in
Renal pelvis
103
Functions of kidneys
Removal of metabolic waste from blood (filter blood)
Excretion of waste as urine
Helps control RBCs with erythropoietin hormone
Helps regulate BP by secreting renin (vasoconstriction/ vasodilation)
Helps absorption of calcium ions by activating Vitamin D
Helps regulate Volume, Composition, & pH
