A&P 1 L 2

Question 0

Joining many simple sugar molecules to form larger molecules of glycogen is an example of

Answer 0

Anabolic Metabolism

Question 1

Production of enzymes is controlled by genetic information held within molecules of

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

The splitting of a molecule into smaller portions by the addition of a water molecule is called

Answer 2

Hydrolysis

Question 3

All metabolic reactions are controlled by mechanisms involving the presence of

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

Each enzyme sets only on a particular kind of substance. This substance is known as a

Answer 4

Substrate

Question 5

What is the “active site” of an enzyme?

Answer 5

The particular region of the enzyme that temporarily combines with portions of the substrate

Question 6

Enzymes promote specific chemical reactions within cells by lowering the __________ ___________ needed to start these reactions

Answer 6

Activation energy

Question 7

An amylase breaks down

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

What is a coenzyme?

Answer 8

A small organic molecule that is needed to complete the proper shape of the active site of an enzyme molecule

Question 9

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

B’s & C’s

Question 10

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 10

A,E, D & K

Question 11

Nearly all enzymes are denatured at what temperature?

Answer 11

55 degrees Celsius

Question 12

The process of burning glucose molecules in body cells is called

Answer 12

Oxidation

Question 13

What type or types of phosphate bonds (and #s of these bonds) are found in ADP?

Answer 13

1-low energy phosphate & 1-high energy phosphate bond

Question 14

What is the primary energy-carrying molecule within a cell

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

Excess glucose is stored as what in the liver and skeletal muscles

Answer 15

Glycogen

Question 16

In the ATP Cycle, ATP is converted into ______ to release useable energy for cell metabolic processes

Answer 16

ADP

Question 17

How many essential amino acids are there

Answer 17

8

Question 18

The rates of metabolic pathways are determined/controlled by __________ enzymes

Answer 18

Regulatory

Question 19

The anaerobic portion of cellular respiration is called

Answer 19

Glycolysis

Question 20

Hydrogen atoms are released during what phase or phases of cellular respiration

Answer 20

Glycolysis & Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

Question 21

How many molecules of ATP are produced during the aerobic phase of cellular respiration

Answer 21

36

Question 22

The Kreb’s Cycle begins when ________ is converted to citric acid

Answer 22

Acetyl coA

Question 23

_______ is the final hydrogen electron carrier in the ETC

Answer 23

Oxygen

Question 24

What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Answer 24

Cristae

Question 25

_________ are the sub-units of nucleic acids

Answer 25

Nucleotides

Question 26

In nucleic acid, complementary base pairs a held together by _______ bonds

Answer 26

Hydrogen

Question 27

In a nucleotide, the organic base is always joined to the _______ by a _______ bond

Answer 27

5-carbon sugar; covalent

Question 28

DNA contains what 4 organic bases

Answer 28

A, T, C & G

Question 29

What is complementary base of uracil in RNA?

Answer 29

Adenine

Question 30

During what phase of mitosis does DNA replication occur

Answer 30

Interphase

Question 31

The process by which mRNA is formed from a DNA strand is called

Answer 31

Transcription

Question 32

A set of 3 nucleotides in a tRNA molecule is called a/an

Answer 32

Anticodon

Question 33

A set of 3 nucleotide in a mRNA molecule is called

Answer 33

A codon

Question 34

Amino acids are joined together by ______ bond

Answer 34

Peptide

Question 35

DNA: GCG CAT AGC | What is the mRNA form from this strand of DNA

Answer 35

mRNA: CGC GUA UCG

Question 36

mRNA: UUA CGU ACC | Determine the tRNA complimentary anticodons

Answer 36

AAU GCA UGG

Question 37

Fluids of extra cellular compartments constitute approximately ______% by volume of the total body water

Answer 37

37%

Question 38

_______ fluids have high concentrations of sodium, chloride & bicarbonate ions

Answer 38

Extracellular

Question 39

What are the two primary ways that the movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated?

Answer 39

Hydrostatic pressure & osmotic pressure

Question 40

Where is the thirst center located?

Answer 40

Hypothalamus

Question 41

Where is the anti diuretic hormone (ADH) produced?

Answer 41

Hypothalamus

Question 42

When the body's output of water exceeds the body's intake of water, a condition of

Answer 42

Dehydration

Question 43

What results from increased capillary permeability accompanying an inflammation reaction?

Answer 43

Edema

Question 44

The greatest lost of electrolytes occurs as the result of

Answer 44

Kidney function and urine formation

Question 45

What hormone causes an increase in sodium ion rebabs option in the kidneys and where is it produced?

Answer 45

Aldosterone; adrenal cortex

Question 46

Abnormal decreases in blood calcium is called

Answer 46

Hypocalcemia

Question 47

Renal and respiratory mechanisms are called

Answer 47

Physiological buffers

Question 48

What are the 2 major types of buffer systems in the human body?

Answer 48

Physiological & chemical

Question 49

Where is the respiratory center of the brain located?

Answer 49

Medulla oblongata

Question 50

What is the body's first line of defense against shifts in pH?

Answer 50

Chemical buffer system

Question 51

__________ acidosis is caused by factors that produced an increase in CO2, accompanied by an increase in the concentration of carbonic acid

Answer 51

Respiratory

Question 52

All chemical reactions occurring in cells that results in the use or storage of energy

Answer 52

Metabolism

Question 53

A loss of H2O molecules

Answer 53

Dehydration synthesis

Question 54

What are the 2 types of metabolism

Answer 54

Anabolic & Catabolic

Question 55

Proteins -----> amino acids (larger to smaller)

Answer 55

Catabolic Metabolism

Question 56

Addition of molecules (adding to create something bigger release energy for cell usage)

Answer 56

Hydrolysis

Question 57

Lipases digests

Answer 57

Lipids

Question 58

Proteases digests

Answer 58

Proteins

Question 59

Enzymes deactivates at what temperature

Answer 59

45 degrees Celsius

Question 60

What are differences between DNA & RNA?

Answer 60

DNA: contains genetic info - replicate during interphase - double helix - 5-C sugar deoxyribose - A, T, C, G RNA: takes info from DNA synthesize proteins - single stranded - 5-C sugar ribose - A, U, C, G

Question 61

What does semi conservation replication mean?

Answer 61

Conserve what you got & replicate to form more

Question 62

Mutation causing agents are called

Answer 62

Mutagens

Question 63

What are the 3 protein synthesis phases?

Answer 63

1. Transcription -mRNA copying DNA 2. Translation- DNA to protein 3. Elongation phase

Question 64

What are the 2 systems for homeostasis?

Answer 64

Nervous & endocrine

Question 65

What are the 2 types of electrolytes?

Answer 65

Positive ion & negative ion

Question 66

What are the 3 major electrolytes in our body?

Answer 66

Na+ K+ Ca+

Question 67

What is produced by the parathyroid gland; produces Calcium; targets osteoclasts, nephrons & targets cells in the cell walls of small intestines?

Answer 67

Parathormone

Question 68

What is the 2nd line of defense?

Answer 68

Physiological buffers

Question 69

pH of the body

Answer 69

7.35-7.45

Question 70

What is it called when you breathe too much CO2?

Answer 70

Hyperventilation

Question 71

Water & electrolytes are

Answer 71

Interdependent

Question 72

Percentages of water weight in the body

Answer 72

63%

Question 73

Percentage of intracellular compartments | Water inside the cell

Answer 73

~63%

Question 74

Percentage of extra cellular compartments | Water outside cell

Answer 74

~37%

Question 75

Percentage of dehydration

Answer 75

1-2%

Question 76

When we are dehydrated what hormone is release and where does it take out water to reserve?

Answer 76

ADH; urine

Question 77

What disease can be completely fatal | Insufficient production of aldosterone

Answer 77

Addison's disease

Question 78

What are the 3 types of chemical buffers?

Answer 78

Bicarbonate B.S sodium bicarbonate: carbonic acid (Found intracellular/extracellular fluids) not always tho Phosphate B.S phosphate compounds (Base & acids responds) Protein B.S. large protein molecules (Grab H+ out of solution....) intracellular only

Question 79

What is the secondary Respiratoy center?

Answer 79

Pons

Question 80

Respiratory acidosis (fast breathing) known as:

Answer 80

Hyperventilation

Question 81

Releases too much OH-

Answer 81

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 82

Releases too many H+

Answer 82

Metabolic acidosis

Question 83

When you excrete more H+ ion in the urine it's known as:

Answer 83

Acidic

Question 84

When you conserve H+

Answer 84

Basic