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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.09 > Flashcards

A&P 1.09 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Masseter

A, O, I

Named for

A

A - elevate the mandible (temporomanibular joint); may assist to protract the mandible (TM joint)

O - zygomatic arch

I - angle of the ramus of mandible

Named for it’s action

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2
Q

Temporalis

A, O, I

Named for

A

A - elevate the mandible (TM joint); retract the mandible (TM) joint

O - temporal fossa and fascia (frontal, temporal & parietal bones)

I - coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

Named for location

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3
Q

Axial skeleton

Description

A
  • 80 bones
  • lie along the longitudinal axis
  • skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles
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4
Q

Appendicular skeleton

Description

A
  • 126 bones

- upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pictorial girdles

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5
Q

Skull

Description

A

8 cranial bones

Protect brain and ear ossicles

  • muscle attachment for jaw, neck and fascial muscles

14 facial bones

  • protect delicate sense organs: smell, taste, vision
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6
Q

Cranial bones

8

A 
Frontal
Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
Occipital 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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7
Q

Facial bones

14

A 
Vomer 
Mandible
Nasal (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Maxillea (2)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
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8
Q

Bony landmarks

Head & face

Trail 228

A

.

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9
Q

Bony landmark trail

Trail 230

A

.

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10
Q

Zygomatic arch

2 bones

A 
Zygomatic bone
Temporal bone (posterior)
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11
Q

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

Posterior portion of the zygomatic arch

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12
Q

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

A

Anterior portion of the zygomatic process

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13
Q

Tissue defined

A

Groups of similar cells working together

4 types - CMEN

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14
Q

Epithelial tissue

Description

A
  • specializes in moving substances in and out of the body
  • covers and protects
  • lines the body cavity
  • forms glands
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15
Q

Connective tissue

Description

A
  • specialized to support the body and its parts
  • connects and holds body parts together
  • transports substances through the body
  • protects from foreign invaders
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16
Q

Muscle tissue

Description

A
  • specializes in contraction

- produces movement

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17
Q

Nervous

Description

A
  • specializes in communication
  • integrates activities
  • generates messages to coordinate function
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17
Q

Principles for naming epithelial tissue

A

Shape

- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar

Layers

- simple
- stratified
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18
Q

Two types of tissue that make up our skin

A

Epithelial

Connective

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19
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

2 types

A

Keratinized

Non-keratinized

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20
Q

Keratinized

Description

A

Cells contain the protein keratin
The keratin protein repels water (water proofing)
Found in the skin

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21
Q

Non-keratinized

A

Cells do not contain keratin
Lines the: vagina, mouth and esophagus
Free moist surfaces
Still serves as a protective layer

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22
Q

Connective tissue

3 types

A

Fibrous
Fluid
Skeletal

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23
Q

Connective tissue

General

A

One of the most widespread tissues in the body

Found in and around almost every organ in the body

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24
Connective tissue named for
Structural characteristics Intercellular material
26
Connective tissue consists of 2 things
Cells Extra-cellular matrix
27
Cells
Surrounded by matrix
28
Matrix is made up of two things
Ground substance Fibers
29
Matrix Ground substance
- gel - semi-hard substance - hard - liquid
30
Matrix Fibers
- collagen - elastin - reticulin
31
6 types of fibrous connective tissue
``` Dense regular Dense irregular Reticular Elastic Loose areolar Adipose ```
32
Dense regular connective tissue
Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses or (tendonous sheets) contain collagen fibers in a regular pattern
33
Dense irregular connective tissue
Deep fascia, dermis, scars, capsules of various organs and valves, lining of joints cartilage and bones Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
34
Reticular fibrous connective tissue
Inner framework of spleen, lymph nodes, & red bone marrow for filtration Has reticular cells that connect to form a network of "weblike & filtering or cheese cloth like"
35
elastic fibrous connective tissue
Skin, blood vessels and lung tissues Elastin fibers, strong with good recoil to maintain shape
36
Loose areolar fibrous connective tissue
Between other tissues and organs and superficial fascia Fills empty spaces 'packing material' around nearly all body structures, forms subcutaneous layer
37
Adipose fibrous connective tissue
Under the skin, padding around the various body parts
38
Functions of the integumentary system
``` Temperature regulation Protection Cutaneous sensation Excretion/absorption Vitamin D synthesis ```
39
2 layers of skin
Epithelial tissue and connective tissue Epidermis - on top Dermis- next layer
40
Epidermis Description
On top (most superficial level) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Avascular ( without blood vessels) Anervated (without nerve endings) Epithelial tissue
41
Epidermis Layers
1 - superficial - stratumcormium 5 - deep - basal level
41
Epidermis and dermis are what types of tissue
Epithelial
42
Stratum cornuem Description
Surface level 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes Thin squamous cells Dead: constantly being shed and replaced Cytoplasm is replaced with keratin, keratin is a water repelling protein Serves as a barrier for water loss ( ie burns) and keep the water in and repels outside contaminants
43
Stratum basale or stratum germinatium Description
1 single layer: cuboidal or columnar cells Deep: this is the deepest layer of the epithelial layer Reproduction: this is the layer where mitosis occurs ( 1 cell divides into 2 cells) Cells migrate from the basale layer up to the surface
44
Thick versus thin skin
.page 115
45
Thin skin
Covers most of the bodies surfaces 4 layers As thin as 0.5 MM in thickness
46
Thick skin
Covers palms, fingertips, soles and areas of great friction 5 layers As thick as 5 MM
47
Dermis Description
Mostly connective tissue Vascular and innervated Contains blood vessels, hair, follicles, glands
48
Dermis description
"True skin" Mostly connective tissue Vascular and innervated Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, glands
49
Dermis layers
Papillary region Reticular layer
50
Papillary region
Dermal papillae "nipples" which increase surface area and contain capillary loops and sensory receptors; forms ridges that are finger prints
51
Reticular layer
Deeper, thicker Thicker layers of mostly collagen and some elastin Gives skin it's toughness and elasticity Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, hair
52
Hypodermis
Not skin, layer below the skin Superficial fascia Subcutaneous Storage area for fat. Look at slides Layer beneath the dermis Loose subcutaneous layer that is rich in fat (adipose) and areolar tissue
53
Foramen
Opening
54
Fossa
Shallow depression
55
Sulcus
Groove
56
Meatus
Tubelike passageway or canal
57
Condyle
Large, round protuberance
58
Facet
Smooth flat articular surface
59
Trochanter
Very large projection
60
Tuberosity
Large, rounded, roughened projection

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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