A&P 1.15

Question 1

Flexor carpi radialis

A, O, I

Answer 1

Named for action and location

A: flexion of wrist and Abduction of wrist (towards radius)

I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

O: medial epicondyle of humerus via the flexor tendon

Question 2

Epi

Define

Answer 2

On top

Question 3

Metacarpals

3 parts

Answer 3

Base

Shaft

Head

Question 4

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 4

Tendon that runs through the carpal tunnel

deep to the flexor retinaculum

Question 5

Extensions originate on

Answer 5

the lateral epicondyle

Question 6

Flexors originate on

Answer 6

Medial epicondyle

Question 7

Radial versus ulnar deviation

Answer 7

Radial is abduction

Ulnar is adduction

Question 8

Review of bone types

5

Answer 8

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 9

Bone regions - long bones

Answer 9

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis

Question 10

Diaphysis

Answer 10

Shaft (body)

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

Ends of long bone

Question 12

Metaphysis

Answer 12

In between diaphysis and epiphysis

Long bone growth happens here

Question 13

Coverings - long bone

Answer 13

Periosteum

Articular cartilage

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

Sleeve like membrane around diaphysis

Question 15

Articular cartilage

Answer 15

Hyaline covering over joint surfaces of epiphysis

Question 16

Cavities - long bones

Answer 16

Medullary cavity

Endosteum

Question 17

Medullary cavity

Answer 17

Tube-like hollow space within diaphysis

Child - red bone marrow, filled with blood cells

Adult - yellow bone marrow, filled with fat

Question 17

endosteum

Answer 17

lining of the medullary cavity

Question 18

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 18

Contains adipose tissue
Fat storage for energy
More prevalent in adults

Question 19

Red bone marrow

Answer 19

Contains blood cells
Produces blood cells (hematopoiesis)
More prevalent in children (changes around age 5)

Question 20

Bone tissue

General

Answer 20

Hard connective tissue
Osseous tissue

It has a tensile strength nearly equal to iron but less than 1/3 the weight

Question 21

Types of bone cells

4

Answer 21

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

Question 22

Bone tissue matrix

Answer 22

Fibers - collagen (body’s most abundant protein

Ground substance : calcium, phosphate (mineral salts)

Water

Question 23

Osteogenic

Answer 23

Bone creating

Stem cells

Found in the endosteum and lining of the Haversian canals

Undergo cell division to form osteoblasts

Question 24

Osteoblasts

Answer 24

Bone builder Daughter cells of osteogenic cells Build create bone Secrete bone matrix and collagen fibers

Question 25

Osteoclast

Answer 25

Bone breaks down or cuts down Opposite of osteoblasts Cuts down bone to release minerals

Question 26

Osteocyte

Answer 26

Bone cell Mature bone cell (grown up osteoblast) Maintains bone tissue

Question 27

Functions of bone tissue 5

Answer 27

Support: framework Protection: encloses delicate structures Movement: via levers Mineral storage and homeostasis: reservoir for calcium and phosphorus Hematopoiesis : blood cell production (bone marrow yellow and red) Yellow - energy storage

Question 28

Bone growth length

Answer 28

until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of cartilage known as the epiphyseal growth plate remains

Question 29

Osteogenesis

Answer 29

Bone formation The combined action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that makes the bones into their adult shape

Question 30

Calcification process

Answer 30

after birth, cartilage is gradually replaced with bone tissue through a process called calcification

Question 31

Enchondral ossification

Answer 31

growth in long bones Bone formation spreads from the center to the ends Bone growth increases lengthwise, lengthening the diaphysis

Question 32

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 32

Growth of flat bones Ossification center ossifies from the center out

Question 33

Bone growth 2 types

Answer 33

Appositional - thickness Interstitial - length

Question 34

Appositional

Answer 34

Growth in thickness | Either at periosteum or perichondrium

Question 35

Interstitial

Answer 35

Growth in length At the metaphysis below the epiphyseal growth plate layer of hyaline cartilage in metaphysis of growing bons

Question 36

Bone remodeling

Answer 36

Is the ongoing replacement of extracellular matrix ---old bone tissue replaced with new bone tissue Osteoclasts remove minerals & collagen fibers then osteoblasts deposit new minerals and collagen fibers

Question 37

Range of motion

Answer 37

Refers to the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which bones of a joint can be moved. The articular surfaces of synovial joints contact one another and determine the type and range of motion that is possible

Question 38

Factors that affect range of motion 6

Answer 38

``` Structure and shape of articulating bones Strength and tension of joint ligaments Arrangement and tension of the muscles Apposition of soft parts Hormones Disuse ```