A&P 1.17

Question 1

Lattissimus dorsi

A, I, O

Answer 1

A- extend the shoulder, Adduct the shoulder, Medially rotate the shoulder

O - S.P. T8-L5, sacrum, iliac crest (external lip of posterior crest). Via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis

I - medial lip of the bicipital groove of humerus

Named for location, shape and size

Lattissimus - broadest
Dorsi - back

Question 2

Lattissimus dorsi

general

Answer 2

most superficial muscle of the lower back

arrest position

Question 3

4 types of tissue

Answer 3

CMEN

Question 4

3 types of connective tissues

Answer 4

Fluid
Fiber
Hard or skeletal

Question 5

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Answer 5

Contains fibroblasts (fiber producing cells)
Mostly collagen
Some elastin
And few reticular fibers

Regular and irregular ( under skin dermis and peri-osteum)

Question 6

Skeletal connective tissue

Cartilage

Answer 6

Cells: chondrocytes

Matrix: collagen, elastin and some reticular fibers

Question 7

Types of cartilage

3

Answer 7

Hyaline
Fibro-cartilage
Elastic

Question 8

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

Most common cartilage in the human body
Found in articular joints, ribs and pre-calcifying bone, support rings of respiratory tubes
collagen

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Most collagen fibers causing rigidity and stiffness
Strongest, most durable type of cartilage
Made of large collagen bundles

Found: intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis and knee joint

Question 10

Elastic cartilage

Answer 10

Large number of very fine elastic fibers that help maintain shape after deformations
Ear, nose, vocal cartilages

High degree of flexibility does not calcify

Question 11

Articulation or joint

Defined

Answer 11

A point of contact between bones

Also known as arthrosis

Question 12

Joints classified by

Answer 12

Structure and function

Question 13

Arthrology

Defined

Answer 13

Study of joints

Question 14

Structure

Answer 14

Classified by what’s holding it together

type of connective tissue

Question 15

Function

Answer 15

Classified by the degree of movement permitted

Question 16

Structures

3 types

Answer 16

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 17

Fibrous connective tissue.

Overview

Answer 17

Contains fibroblast, mostly collagen with some elastic, few reticular fibers, run in parallel bundles (tendons and ligaments)
Irregular fibrous in the dermis/scar tissue

Question 18

Fibrous joints

Characteristics

Answer 18

Lack a synovial cavity
Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue
Little or no movement (synarthrosis or amphiarthroses)

3 structural types

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis

Question 19

fibrous joints

3 structural types

Answer 19

3 structural types

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis

Question 20

Suture

Characteristics

Answer 20

To sew together
immovable (synarthrosis)

Thin fibrous layer connecting bones of the skull

Question 21

Syndesmosis

Defined

Answer 21

Fibrous joint - bones united by ligament
Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Anterior tibiofibular joint and interossious membrane

Question 22

Gomphosis

Characteristics

Answer 22

Ligament holds come shaped peg in bony slot
immovable (synarthrosis)
Teeth in alveolar process

Question 23

Cartilaginous joints

Characteristics

Answer 23

Limited movement

Lacks a synovial joint

Allows little or no movement

Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Question 24

Cartilaginous joints

2 types

Answer 24

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Question 25

Synchondrosis Defined

Answer 25

Between sternum and ribs or sternocostal joint and epiphyseal plate hyaline cartilage immovable (synarthrosis)

Question 26

Symphyses Defined

Answer 26

Fibrocartilage is connecting material Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Question 27

Synovial joints Defined

Answer 27

Majority of joints in body Joint space is a synovial joint cavity Articular cartilage covering ends of bones Articular capsule Movable (diathroses) Fluid filled joint capsule

Question 28

Types of synovial joints 6

Answer 28

``` Planar Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket ```

Question 29

Synovial joint Divisions 3

Answer 29

Monaxial Biaxial Triaxial

Question 30

Function 3 degrees

Answer 30

Classified by degree of movement 3 degrees immovable (synarthrosis) Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) Movable (diathroses)

Question 31

Synarthroses Defined

Answer 31

Immovable or mostly immovable

Question 32

Amphiarthrosis Defined

Answer 32

Slightly movable

Question 33

Diarthroses Defined

Answer 33

Freely movable

Question 34

sutures joint type example

Answer 34

fibrous immovable (synarthrosis) cranial bones

Question 35

gomphoses joint type example

Answer 35

fibrous immovable (synarthrosis) teeth

Question 36

synchondroses joint type example

Answer 36

"hyaline cartilage" cartilaginous immovable (synarthrosis) 1st sterno-costal joint, epiphyseal plates

Question 37

syndesmoses joint type example

Answer 37

``` fibrious Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) ``` interosseous membrane, some ligament structures

Question 38

symphoses joint type example

Answer 38

"fibrocartilage" ``` cartilaginous Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) ``` pubic sumphysis, vertebral discs

Question 39

ball & socket joint type example

Answer 39

synovial Movable (diathroses) knee, elbow, shoulder, hip, etc.