A&P 1.18

Question 1

Rhonboids

A, I, O

Minor

Answer 1

A-retraction of the scapula (adduction)

O-SP of C7 and T1

I-medial/vertebral border of the scapula level with the root spine of the scapula

Named for geometric shape

Question 2

Rhomboid major

A, I, O

Answer 2

A- retraction of the scapula (adduction)

O- SP of T2 to T5

I-medial/vertebral border of the scapula between the spine and the inferior angle

Named for geometric shape

Question 3

Gastrocnemius

A, I, O

Answer 3

A-flexion of the knee, plantar flexion of the ankle

O-condyles of the femur (medial and lateral)

I-calcaneus via the Achilles or calcaneal tendon

Named for shape and location

Gastro: belly, kneme: leg

Question 4

Vertebrae
4
Landmarks

Answer 4

Spinous process
Transverse process
body
foramen

Question 5

Scapula

Bony landmarks

Answer 5

Know all

Question 6

Femur landmarks

Answer 6

Medial and lateral condyles

Plus others see slide

Question 7

Tarsals

Parts

Answer 7

Cuniform: wedge
Navicular: ship
Cuboid: cube
plus others

Question 8

Plantar flexion

Answer 8

Standing on your toes

Question 9

Dorsiflexion

Answer 9

Stand on your heels

Question 10

Synovial joints

General

Answer 10

Most mobile
Most numerous
Most complex/most components
Majority of the joints in the appendicular skeleton

225-229

Question 11

Synovial joint structure

Answer 11

Joint capsule
Articular cartilage 
Joint cavity
Ligaments
Meniscus
Bursa
Tendon (sheaths)

Question 12

Synovial joint capsule

2 membranes

Answer 12

Joint capsule created by two membranes

Fibrous
Synovial

Question 13

Synovial joint capsule

Fibrous membrane

Answer 13

outside, holds capsule together, made of dense irregular CT

Question 14

Synovial joint capsule

Synovial membrane

Answer 14

inside, secretes fluid, made of loose areolar and adipose CT

Question 15

Synovial joint articular cartilage

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage: covers articulating surface of bone and is smooth & slippery

reduces friction between the articulating bones and asorbs shock

Question 16

Synovial joint structure

Joint cavity

Answer 16

The space between the articulating bones

Allows free movement of articulating bones

Contains synovial fluid

Question 17

Synovial joint structure

Ligaments

Answer 17

Dense regular CT, holds capsule together, interconnected with fibrous membrane

Are either extra or intra capular

Question 18

Structure of synovial joints

Menisci

Answer 18

Pads made of fibro-cartilage, lie between articular surfaces and help direct the flow of synovial fluid

Question 19

Synovial joint

Tendon

Answer 19

Tendon sheaths

Tube like bursae that wrap around tendons that undergo a great amount of friction (hands, feet)

Question 19

Synovial joints

Bursa

Answer 19

Purse

Small cushion like synovial filled fluid sacs that are found in between moving parts and reduce friction between bones and tendons or ligaments

Question 20

types of synovial joints

6

Answer 20

Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Saddle
Condyloid
Ball & socket
Gliding or planar

Question 22

Types of synovial joints

3 divisions

Answer 22

Unixalial
biaxial
Multiaxial or triaxial

Question 23

Unixalial

Joints

Answer 23

movement in one axis, one plane

Hinge:
Pivot

Question 24

Hinge joint

Answer 24

Back and forth movement

Flexion/extension

Examples: elbow, knee, interphalangeal

Question 25

Pivot joint

Answer 25

Rotation Examples: atlantoaxial joints (C1-C2) or Radioulnar

Question 26

biaxial joints

Answer 26

movement in 2 axes, 2 planes Saddle Condyloid

Question 27

Saddle joint

Answer 27

found at the thumb Gives us the opposable thumb action Metacarpal/trapezium. Saddle like movement

Question 28

Condyloid joint

Answer 28

Allows back and forth and side to side movement Example: atlanto-occipital, radiocarpal joints

Question 29

Multiaxial or triaxial

Answer 29

Movement in 3 or more axes or planes Ball & socket Gliding

Question 30

Ball & socket joint

Answer 30

most moveable | hip/shoulder

Question 31

Gliding or planar joint

Answer 31

Permit side to side and back and forth Examples: carpal, tarsal, SI, sternocostal

Question 32

major diarthrotic joints 4

Answer 32

shoulder knee hip vertebrae

Question 33

shoulder joint name & description

Answer 33

glenohumeral humeroscapular more mobile than stable

Question 34

Hip joint name & description

Answer 34

acetabulofemoral more stable than mobile

Question 35

Knee joint name & description

Answer 35

tibiofemoral knee joint is less protected by muscular tissue than hip or shoulder more easily injured bear the brunt of our loads

Question 36

vertebrae joint name & description

Answer 36

intervertebral discs cartilaginous discs that hold vertebrae firmly together so they are not easily dislocated, but allow for flexibility when the spine moves together as a whole

Question 37

Knee joint Components

Answer 37

``` Capsule Patellar ligament Menisci Collateral ligaments cruciate ligaments ```

Question 38

knee patellar ligament

Answer 38

strengthens the anterior aspect of the joint

Question 39

knee menisci

Answer 39

help compensate for irregular shapes of articulating surfaces helps stabilize the joint and guide the movement of the femoral condyles

Question 40

Knee joint Collateral ligaments

Answer 40

Medial/tibial Lateral/fibular on either side of joint helps to stabilize the medial and lateral sides of the joint

Question 41

Knee joint Cruciate ligaments

Answer 41

Anterior Posterior

Question 42

Knee joint Cruciate ligaments anterior

Answer 42

originates on tibia anteriorly and moves lateral and posteriorly to the femur prevents hyperextension of the knee

Question 43

Knee joint Cruciate ligaments posterior

Answer 43

originates posteriorly on the tibia and moves anteriorly and medially to the femur prevents posterior sliding of the tibia especially in flexion

Question 44

dislocation

Answer 44

AKA luxation displacement of a bone from a joint results in tears of ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule

Question 45

subluxation

Answer 45

partial luxation

Question 46

sprain

Answer 46

tearing of ligaments not necessarily complete forceable wrenching

Question 47

strain

Answer 47

tearing of tendons and muscle tissue not necessarily complete