A & P II: Exam 4 Lectures

Question 1

Duodenum Stuff.

Answer 1

.

Question 2

Podecyte stuff.

Answer 2

.

Question 3

PCT & DCT stuff.

Answer 3

Located in cortex.

Question 4

Hormone effects in Male & Females.

Answer 4

Male

• FSH makes sperm in seminiferous tubules
• LH testosterone production by Leydig cells

Question 5

G-protein relay.

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Calcium Metabolism.

Answer 6

.

Question 7

How to raise BP by using sodium.

Answer 7

.

Question 8

Hormones associated with digestive track.

Answer 8

CCK/Secretin/etc.

Question 9

Carbonic Anhydrase.

Answer 9

.

Question 10

Chloride Shift.

Answer 10

.

Question 11

Cotransport.

Answer 11

• Sodium (high to low)
• Symport
• Sodium releases energy to take all of Sugar into cell
• Facilitated diffusion of sodium into cell, using that energy, pull glucose into high concentration

Question 12

Tunics of GI Tract.

Answer 12

From superficial to inside

• serosa
• muscularis
• submucosa
• mucosa

Question 13

AIDS.

Answer 13

.

Question 14

Question 88

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Question 89 - Immune System

Answer 15

Age destroys t4-helper cells

Question 16

Lines of defense in order

Answer 16

• Non-specific
• Cell-mediated (T-Cells)
• Humoral (B-Cells)

Question 17

What reaction will happen at the Alveolus?

Answer 17

External Respiration (HCO3- + H+ = external).

Question 18

Difference between external and internal respiration?

Answer 18

External begins with bicarbonate

Internal ends with bicarbonate

Question 19

What is the number one carrier for CO2?

Answer 19

Bicarbonate.

Question 20

Chloride Shift

Answer 20

External Respiration - Bicarbonate goes into RBC, but since bicarbonate is negative, it needs to be replaced outside with a negative ion, so Chlorine gets pumped out when bicarbonate goes in
Internal Respiration -

Question 21

Carbonic Anhydrase.

Answer 21

Bicarbonate, acid, uses enzyme (CAH) to produce DCO2 and Water. Simply diffuses back into alveolus.
- Erythrocyte Adaptions (Characteristic of RBC - No organelles, does Anaerobic espiration, lasts 120 days, contains hemoglobin, and contains CAH)

Question 22

Know the structure of sperm.

Answer 22

• Acrosome and Nucleus
• Acrosome contains hyaluronidasre and acrosin which digests its own zona pellucida (surrounds egg)
• Nucleus is haploid
• Once sperm gets in, polar bodies go in and turn from 1n to 2n
• Midpiece contains Mitochondria for movement

Question 23

Spermatic Chord.

Answer 23

Vas deferens is contained in here.

Question 24

PCT.

Answer 24

• Most of water reabsorption

-

Question 25

DCT.

Answer 25

• hormonal regulation

-

Question 26

Test 1

Answer 26

Growth Hormone
- Made and released from adeno
in MALES
- LH causes sperm production in interstitail Leydig in seminiferous tubules
In females
- LH cause ovulation, corpus le maintainence
Steroid Hormone
- Need carrier proteins
Prolactin
- stimulates mammory glands to make milk
Antogonist to ADH ACTH is ANP
thYROXINE INCREASEES METABOLISM
Epinephrine and nor, increase blood glucose, heart rate, alertness, vasodilates bronchioles, diverts blood flow to skeletal muscle
Cortisol - increases blood fatty acids
Secretin is made in duodenum
Liver functions; peeing out amino acids, due to eating too much protein