A&P Lab Practical 3 Flashcards by Daniel Arreola

Epimysium

Epi=on, myo=muscle

connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle organ and separates it from surrounding tissue and organs

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Perimysium

peri=around, myo=muscle

connective tissue around a fascicle in skeletal muscle

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Muscle fascicle

fascis=bundle

bundle of muscle fibers

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muscle cells aka

muscle fibers

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Endomysium

Endo=inside, myo=muscle

connective tissue that surrounds and binds individual muscle fibers

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tendon

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

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ligament

fibrous connective tissue that binds bone to bone

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aponeurosis

broad sheet of connective tissue that binds muscle organs to body parts that they act upon, either bone or muscle.

Can be thought of as broad flat tendons.

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list muscles of the face

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

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list muscles of the neck

sternocleidomastoid

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list muscles of the shoulders

deltoid

trapezius

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list muscles of the back

latissimus dorsi

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list muscles of the chest

pectoralis major

serratus anterior

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list muscles of the arms

biceps brachii

triceps brachii

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list muscles of the thorax

diaphragm

external intercostals

internal intercostals

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costals means

ribs

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The external intercostals and internal intercostals _____.

External intercostals are between the ribs and they are angled _____ and forward.

crisscross

downward

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list the muscles of the buttocks

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

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list the muscles of the abdomen

rectus abdominis

external oblique

internal oblique

transversus abdominis (deepest)

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list the muscles of the posterior thigh (make up the hamstring)

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

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list the muscles of the anterior thigh (make up the quadriceps)

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius (deepest)

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list the muscles of the inner thigh

sartorius

gracilis

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list the muscles of the legs

gastrocnemius–2 headed muscle

soleus –achilles tendon

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list the major parts of the brain

cerebrum
diencephalons
midbrain
pituitary gland
pons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum

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List the components of the cerebrum

a. right and left cerebral hemispheres b. longitudinal fissure c. corpus callosum

List the components of the diencephalon

a. pineal gland b. thalamus (intermediate mass hols L&R together) c. hypothalamus

List the components of the midbrain

midbrain aka corpora quadrigemina a. superior colliculi---pair b. inferior colliculi----pair

List the components of the ventricle system of the brain

a. lateral ventricles b. third ventricle c. fourth ventricle d. cerebral aqueduct e. interventricular foramen

List the components of the spinal cord

* a. anterior gray horns * b. lateral gray horns * c. posterior gray horns * d. anterior white columns * e. lateral white columns * f. posterior white columns

List the components and associated spaces of the meninges

Meninges * dura mater, * arachnoid mater, * pia mater Associated spaces * epidural space, * central canal

List the major structures of the neurons

* cell body (soma), * dendrites, * axon, * synaptic terminals, * Schwann cells, * myelin sheath, * nodes

List parts associated with Olfactory Nerve

olfactory bulbs olfactory tracts

List parts associated with Optic Nerve

Optic chiasm optic tract

List I-V of the cranial nerves

* I. Olfactory * II. Optic * III. Oculomotor * IV. Trochlear * V. Trigeminal

List VI-XII of the cranial nerves

* VI. Abducens * VII. Facial * VIII. Vestibulocochlear * IX. Glossopharyngeal * X. Vagus * XI. Accessory * XII. Hypoglossal

What is your mneumonic for the cranial nerves?

* On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny-Very Good Vehicle Any How

List the name, type, primary function of NI.

* Olfactory, * sensory, * olfaction (smell)

List the name, type, primary function of NII.

* Opitic, * sensory, * vision

List the name, type, primary function of NIII.

* Oculomotor, * motor, * movement of the eye

List the name, type, primary function of NIV.

* Trochlear, * motor, * movement of the eye

List the name, type, primary function of NV.

* Trigeminal, * sensory & motor, * sensory info from face, * movement to chew food

List the name, type, primary function of NVI.

* Abducens, * motor, * movement of the eye

List the name, type, primary function of NVII.

* Facial, * sensory & motor, * sense of taste; movement of face (expressions)

List the name, type, primary function of NVIII.

* Vestibulocochlear, * sensory, * hearing and balance

List the name, type, primary function of NIX.

* Glossopharyngeal, * sensory & motor; * taste, swallowing, gag reflex.

List the name, type, primary function of NX.

* Vagus, * sensory & motor; * visceral organ sensations/ movement of visceral muscles (heart, digestive tract)

List the name, type, primary function of NXI.

* Accessory, * motor, * movement head & shoulders, swallowing

List the name, type, primary function of NXII.

* Hypoglossal, * motor, * movement of tongue to allow speech & swallowing

List the parts of the spinal nerves

* dorsal roots * dorsal root ganglia * ventral roots * spinal nerves

The eye is like a ____ that forms a \_\_\_\_\_\_.

camera / picture

The visual ____ transmits the image to the brain via \_\_\_\_.

system / optic nerves

Light enters the eye through the \_\_\_\_, the tough clear tissue covering the front of your eye. Light is refracted by the cornea because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This initial refraction begins the _______ process.

cornea the cornea is much denser than air. focusing.

After passing the cornea, light passes through the \_\_\_\_, which is a dark \_\_\_\_\_, at the center of the \_\_\_\_.

pupil hole iris

The muscular iris can expand or ____ in order to _____ the amount of light transmitted through the \_\_\_\_\_.

contract regulate pupil

The eye's ____ focuses the corneal-refracted light to make an image on the \_\_\_\_\_.

lens retina

The retina is a thin layer of light-\_\_\_\_\_ cells that lines the back of the \_\_\_\_.

sensitive eyeball

The cells that send electrical impulses to the brain via the _____ nerve are called?

optic Rods & cones

Rods are most sensitive to \_\_\_\_, provide ____ vision at night. Cones are active in ____ \_\_\_\_ and enable you to see \_\_\_\_.

light / gray bright light / color

Sound is collected by the _____ (the visible part of the ear) and directed through the outer ____ \_\_\_\_\_. The sound makes the ______ vibrate, which then causes the ____ in the middle ear to vibrate. The vibrations are transferred to the \_\_\_\_\_\_, in the inner ear.

pinna ear canal tympanic membrane ossicles cochlea

The cochlea is lined with ___ which trigger the generation of ____ signals that are sent to the brain.

sensitive hairs nerve

List the structures of the outer ear.

a. pinna / auricle b. external auditory meatus c. tympanic membrane (aka eardrum)

List the structures of the middle ear.

A. Ossicles. * 1. malleus (hammer) * 2. incus (anvil) * 3. stapes (stirrups) B. Auditory tube C. Oval window

The inner ear is located within the _____ bone, where there are spaces called the ____ \_\_\_\_.

temporal / bony labyrinth

Within the bony labyrinth are \_\_\_\_\_\_-lined, \_\_\_-filled tubes and spaces called the \_\_\_\_\_. This region houses supporting cells along with the receptors for _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.

membrane fluid membranous labyrinth equilibrium / hearing

They bony labyrinth is divided into 3 regions:

i. The vestibule ii. Semicircular canals iii. cochlea

It is important to know that the N VIII, the ____ nerve is connected to the \_\_\_.

Vestibulocochlear vestibule

The part of the cochlea that is responsible for hearing is called the .... Its main structures are:

Organ of Corti * basilar membrane, * tectorial membrane, * hair cells

# Identify following structures. Structures involved in the Neuromuscular junction.