Ch. 2 Lecture Notes Review

Question 1

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared.

Answer 1

Covalent

Question 2

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared equally.

Answer 2

Nonpolar covalent

Question 3

List the 3 particles of the atom

Answer 3

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 4

List the 5 types of inorganic compounds

Answer 4

H20
CO2
O2
Acids, Basis, Buffers
Salts

Question 5

List the 3 types of chemical reactions

Answer 5

Decomposition
Synthesis
Reversible

Question 6

Decomposition

Answer 6

reaction that breaks compounds into smaller substances by breaking chemical bonds

Question 7

Synthesis

Answer 7

reaction that forms chemicals bonds and joins smaller molecules into larger molecules

Question 8

Reversible

Answer 8

Involves both the decomposition and synthesis reactions

Question 9

Chemical reaction that requires energy in form of ATP

Answer 9

Enzyme chemical reaction

Question 10

What do enzymes do?

Answer 10

increase the rate and efficiency of chemical reactions

Question 11

What proteins catalyze reactions?

Answer 11

Enzymes

Question 12

Site of the enzyme that makes/breaks a covalent bond is the ______.

Answer 12

active site

Question 13

List the four types of organic compounds

Answer 13

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

Question 14

Monomer for Carbohydrate

Answer 14

Monosaccharide

Question 15

Polymer for Nucleic Acids

Answer 15

Polynucleotide

Question 16

Monomer for Protein

Answer 16

Amino Acid

Question 17

Polymer for Protein

Answer 17

Polypeptide

Question 18

What is the most important source of energy for the cell?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates

Question 19

What are the four types of lipids?

Answer 19

Fatty Acids
Fats aka triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids

Question 20

What are the components of a Phospholipid?

Answer 20

2 fatty acids
1 glycerol
1 phosphate group

Question 21

Where can you find phospholipids?

Answer 21

cell membrane

Question 22

Proton has what kind of electrical charge?

Answer 22

Positive

Question 23

Neutron has __________.

Answer 23

no electrical charge

Question 24

Electrons are know for their ________.

Answer 24

negative electrical charge

Question 25

Matter exists in 3 states. Name them.

Answer 25

Solid Liquid Gas

Question 26

pH measures ........

Answer 26

the concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 27

Compounds are different from molecules because .........

Answer 27

A compound will display different characteristics than the individual elements.

Question 28

What is a Hydrogen bond?

Answer 28

a weak bond between a partially positive H atom and a partially negative O or N atom

Question 29

What is an Ionic bond?

Answer 29

A bond formed between electrically charged atoms called ions that have opposite charges.

Question 30

Element

Answer 30

any substance that can't be broken down to a different substance by normal chemical means

Question 31

Elements that differ in number of neutrons are called _______.

Answer 31

isotopes

Question 32

Solution

Answer 32

Solvent + solute

Question 33

Water is the solvent in the human body, what are solutes?

Answer 33

inorganic and organic compounds

Question 34

Buffers are compounds that _______pH by _______ or _______ H+

Answer 34

maintain removing releasing

Question 35

Salts

Answer 35

Consist of any cation (except H+) and any anion except (OH-) Held together by ionic bond Dissociate in water

Question 36

Salts inside the human body are known as ___.

Answer 36

electrolytes

Question 37

List some electrolytes

Answer 37

Na+ K+ Ca++ Cl-

Question 38

All the chemical reactions in the body make up your ________

Answer 38

metabolism

Question 39

Enzymes are referred to as _________.

Answer 39

catalysts

Question 40

Active site is the .....

Answer 40

location on the protein that catalyzes the making or breaking of a covalent bond

Question 41

A reaction that removes a H2O compound from the reagents to form a covalent bond is a _____

Answer 41

Condensation reaction Dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 42

Hydrolysis involves water in a reaction to accomplish what?

Answer 42

To break a compound into smaller substances.

Question 43

Inside the body, a decomposition reaction is called what?

Answer 43

Catabolism

Question 44

Inside the cells, the synthesis reactions are called what?

Answer 44

Anabolism

Question 45

A nucleotide consist of what 3 parts

Answer 45

Base Sugar Phosphate group

Question 46

Adenine bonding with Thymine is an example of what?

Answer 46

complimentary base pairing of nucleotides

Question 47

In complimentary base pairing what binds to guanine (G)?

Answer 47

Cytosine (C)

Question 48

if a polynucleotide consists of a combination of bases denoted by the letters A, G, C and U is the polynucleotide RNA or DNA? Explain. is it likely to be double stranded or single stranded? Why?

Answer 48

RNA--Uracil (U) is specific to RNA Single stranded. RNA is always single stranded.

Question 49

What elements are found in the nucleotide?

Answer 49

N, C, H, O, P

Question 50

What does this formula represent? | C6H12O6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H20 + ATP

Answer 50

Cellular Respiration

Question 51

ATP stands for _______________. | It is a form of _______.

Answer 51

Adenosine triphosphate. | Energy.

Question 52

An _______ atom is very ______. Its outermost _____ is not full. It will either lose or _____ an _______, or form a bond to become stable.

Answer 52

unstable / reactive electron shell gain / electron