Ch. 2 Lecture Notes Review Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared.

A

Covalent

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2
Q

A _____ bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared equally.

A

Nonpolar covalent

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3
Q

List the 3 particles of the atom

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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4
Q

List the 5 types of inorganic compounds

A
H20
CO2
O2
Acids, Basis, Buffers
Salts
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5
Q

List the 3 types of chemical reactions

A

Decomposition
Synthesis
Reversible

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6
Q

Decomposition

A

reaction that breaks compounds into smaller substances by breaking chemical bonds

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7
Q

Synthesis

A

reaction that forms chemicals bonds and joins smaller molecules into larger molecules

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8
Q

Reversible

A

Involves both the decomposition and synthesis reactions

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9
Q

Chemical reaction that requires energy in form of ATP

A

Enzyme chemical reaction

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10
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

increase the rate and efficiency of chemical reactions

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11
Q

What proteins catalyze reactions?

A

Enzymes

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12
Q

Site of the enzyme that makes/breaks a covalent bond is the ______.

A

active site

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13
Q

List the four types of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

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14
Q

Monomer for Carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

Polymer for Nucleic Acids

A

Polynucleotide

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16
Q

Monomer for Protein

A

Amino Acid

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17
Q

Polymer for Protein

A

Polypeptide

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18
Q

What is the most important source of energy for the cell?

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

What are the four types of lipids?

A

Fatty Acids
Fats aka triglycerides
Steroids
Phospholipids

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20
Q

What are the components of a Phospholipid?

A

2 fatty acids
1 glycerol
1 phosphate group

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21
Q

Where can you find phospholipids?

A

cell membrane

22
Q

Proton has what kind of electrical charge?

23
Q

Neutron has __________.

A

no electrical charge

24
Q

Electrons are know for their ________.

A

negative electrical charge

25
Matter exists in 3 states. Name them.
Solid Liquid Gas
26
pH measures ........
the concentration of H+ in a solution
27
Compounds are different from molecules because .........
A compound will display different characteristics than the individual elements.
28
What is a Hydrogen bond?
a weak bond between a partially positive H atom and a partially negative O or N atom
29
What is an Ionic bond?
A bond formed between electrically charged atoms called ions that have opposite charges.
30
Element
any substance that can't be broken down to a different substance by normal chemical means
31
Elements that differ in number of neutrons are called _______.
isotopes
32
Solution
Solvent + solute
33
Water is the solvent in the human body, what are solutes?
inorganic and organic compounds
34
Buffers are compounds that _______pH by _______ or _______ H+
maintain removing releasing
35
Salts
Consist of any cation (except H+) and any anion except (OH-) Held together by ionic bond Dissociate in water
36
Salts inside the human body are known as ___.
electrolytes
37
List some electrolytes
Na+ K+ Ca++ Cl-
38
All the chemical reactions in the body make up your ________
metabolism
39
Enzymes are referred to as _________.
catalysts
40
Active site is the .....
location on the protein that catalyzes the making or breaking of a covalent bond
41
A reaction that removes a H2O compound from the reagents to form a covalent bond is a _____
Condensation reaction Dehydration synthesis reaction
42
Hydrolysis involves water in a reaction to accomplish what?
To break a compound into smaller substances.
43
Inside the body, a decomposition reaction is called what?
Catabolism
44
Inside the cells, the synthesis reactions are called what?
Anabolism
45
A nucleotide consist of what 3 parts
Base Sugar Phosphate group
46
Adenine bonding with Thymine is an example of what?
complimentary base pairing of nucleotides
47
In complimentary base pairing what binds to guanine (G)?
Cytosine (C)
48
if a polynucleotide consists of a combination of bases denoted by the letters A, G, C and U is the polynucleotide RNA or DNA? Explain. is it likely to be double stranded or single stranded? Why?
RNA--Uracil (U) is specific to RNA Single stranded. RNA is always single stranded.
49
What elements are found in the nucleotide?
N, C, H, O, P
50
What does this formula represent? | C6H12O6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H20 + ATP
Cellular Respiration
51
ATP stands for _______________. | It is a form of _______.
Adenosine triphosphate. | Energy.
52
An _______ atom is very ______. Its outermost _____ is not full. It will either lose or _____ an _______, or form a bond to become stable.
unstable / reactive electron shell gain / electron