Ch. 6 Lecture Notes Review

Question 1

The muscular system produces _____ by ____.
It moves the body, ____, and _____.
It maintains body ____ and position.
Supports ____ tissues and maintains body ___.

Answer 1

movement / contracting
blood / food
posture
soft / temperature

Question 2

List the types of muscle tissue.

Answer 2

Smooth muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 3

The muscular system incorporates:

Answer 3

a. muscle tissue
b. connective tissue
c. nervous tissue

Question 4

Describe structure, location, and function of smooth muscle tissue.

Answer 4

structure - spindle shaped, single centrally located nucleus.

location - surrounding walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.

function - involuntary contractions that move food, waste, blood

Question 5

Describe structure, location, and function of cardiac muscle tissue.

Answer 5

structure - branched, separated by intercalated discs, usually single central nucleus, smaller than skeletal muscle cells

location - walls of the heart

function - involuntary contractions that move blood through the blood vessels

Question 6

Describe structure, location, and function of skeletal muscle tissue.

Answer 6

structure - long, large, multinucleated cells. Nuclei located near cell membrane

location - attached to bones

function - voluntary movements like walking
also involuntary movements eg. the diaphragm

Question 7

Cardiac muscle contains _____ and _____, myofibrils and appears ______.

Answer 7

actin / myosin

striated

Question 8

True or false.

Skeletal muscle contains actin, myosin, myofibrils and appears striated.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The muscular system consists of __ skeletal muscles.

Answer 9

700

Question 10

Skeletal muscle is an organ made up of what tissue types?

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue

Question 11

What are the layers of connective tissue?

Answer 11

1. epimysium
2. perimysium
3. endomysium

Question 12

Epymysium

Answer 12

surrounds entire muscle organ

separates the muscle from surrounding tissue

Question 13

Tendons

Answer 13

bundles of connective tissue

Question 14

Broad sheets of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscle to skeletal muscle.

Answer 14

aponeurosis

Question 15

Connective tissue is _____ ____ skeletal muscle.

Answer 15

wrapped around

Question 16

Perimysium

Answer 16

surrounds fascicles

innervated by blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

fascicles

Answer 17

bundle of muscle fibers

Question 18

muscle fibers

Answer 18

skeletal muscle cells

Question 19

Endomysium

Answer 19

surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 20

Tendons & aponeurosis are made up of these 3 connective tissues:

Answer 20

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

Question 21

In nervous tissue, which make up the following:

a. Receiver
b. Control center
c. Effector

Answer 21

a. Dendrite
b. Cell body
c. Axon

Question 22

List the parts of the muscle fiber structure.

Answer 22

a. sarcolemma
b. sarcoplasma
c. transverse (T) tubules
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. myofibrils
i. ) myofilaments ii.) sarcomeres

Question 23

sarcolemma

Answer 23

cell membrane of the muscle fiber (skeletal muscle cell).

contains receptors at sites called motor-end plates

Question 24

sarcoplasm

Answer 24

cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cell

Question 25

T-tubules

Answer 25

scattered openings across the sarcolemma that open into tubes that run deep into the muscle fiber Filled with ECF

Question 26

Function of T-tubules?

Answer 26

allow electrical impulses to reach the interior of the muscle fiber

Question 27

A specialized smooth ER that stores Ca++

Answer 27

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

Sarcoplasmic reticulum form a ______ network around each ____. Contains chambers called ____ ___ that contain high concentrations of ___.

Answer 28

tubular / myofibril terminal cisterna / Ca++

Question 29

Describe the location of the terminal cisterna.

Answer 29

Part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that is adjacent to both sides of each T-tubule.

Question 30

Myofibrils are bundles of _____ and _____ myofilaments. There are ______ to _____ within each individual muscle fiber.

Answer 30

thick / thin 100s / 1000s

Question 31

True or False. | Myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Myofilaments consist of ___ and _____.

Answer 32

actin / myosin

Question 33

Thin filaments are made up of ____. | Thick filaments are made up of ______.

Answer 33

actin | myosin

Question 34

Sarcomeres consist of repeating contractile units. There are _______ sarcomeres per _______, aligned one after the other.

Answer 34

~10,000 / myofibril

Question 35

Muscle fiber contraction is due to the _____ of thick and thin filaments at the _____ level. Myofibril is the collection of thousands of ______.

Answer 35

interaction / sarcomere sarcomeres

Question 36

True or False. | Sarcomeres do not consist of myofilaments.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

This is an intercellular junction between the nervous system and muscular system.

Answer 37

Neuromuscular junction

Question 38

The motor neuron's ____ _____ synapses with the _____ on the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle fiber.

Answer 38

synaptic terminal | motor-end plate.

Question 39

Another name for the synaptic knob.

Answer 39

Synaptic terminal

Question 40

The very end of an axon is called ______.

Answer 40

synaptic terminal

Question 41

The neuromuscular junction is located where the end of an axon meets a motor-end plate. This is the intersection of a ______ and a skeletal ____ ____.

Answer 41

motor neuron muscle fiber.

Question 42

Synaptic terminal has vesicles that contain the neurotransmitter ______.

Answer 42

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 43

ACh is the _____ ______ stimulant.

Answer 43

skeletal muscle

Question 44

The space between the synaptic terminal and the motor-end plate is called the ____ _____. _____, an enzyme is found in this cleft.

Answer 44

synaptic cleft Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 45

AChE functions to _____.

Answer 45

inactivate ACh.

Question 46

The motor end plate contains a high concentration of______.

Answer 46

ACh receptors

Question 47

An electrical charge stimulates Ca++ ion channels to open and release ACh. ACh then binds with the ACh receptor at the motor-end plate and ____ an electrical charge along the ____.

Answer 47

triggers / sarcolemma

Question 48

ACh binding leads to the release of intracellular Ca++ from the _____ _____ of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The rise of Ca++ within the muscle fiber leads to ____.

Answer 48

terminal cisterna muscle fiber contraction

Question 49

Summarize Sliding Filament Theory.

Answer 49

The shortening of a sarcomere due to thin and thick filaments sliding past each other.

Question 50

_____ covers the active site on actin.

Answer 50

Tropomyosin

Question 51

____ binds to and stabilizes tropomyosin.

Answer 51

Troponin

Question 52

A myosin head will have an ___ attached.

Answer 52

ATP