A&P LAB Practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What Position is this?
A
Anatomical Position
2
Q
Describe Anatomical Position
[Verbally]
A
F-PUSH
F- FEET CLOSE TOGETHER
P-PALMS FACING FORWARD
U-UPPER LIMBS DOWN AT THEIR SIDE
S-STANDING ERECT
H-HEAD FACING FORWARD
3
Q
Demonstrate the Anatomical Position
A
4
Q
Label the common Anatomical Landmarks
A
5
Q
Label the Anatomical Landmarks
A
6
Q
Label the Body Planes
A
Label the Body Planes
- Coronal
- Transverse
- Sagittal
7
Q
Label the Body Planes
A
8
Q
Body Planes
A
9
Q
Anatomical Landmarks
Label at the asterisks
A
10
Q
Define
Body Cavity
A
Define
Body Cavity
Spaces within the body that contain various organs.
11
Q
What are the major Body Cavities?
A
Major Body Cavities
- I. Dorsal
- a. cranial
- b. spinal
- II. Ventral
- a. thoracic
- b. abdominal pelvic
12
Q
List Major Organs for the Body Cavity
- Cranial
- Spinal
- Thoracic
- Abdominal*
- Pelvic*
* Emphasized during lab
A
- Cranial —————–Brain
- Spinal —————–Spinal Cord
- Thoracic —————–Heart & Lungs
- Abdominal* —–Digestive organs + kidneys
- Pelvic*—-Reproductive organs & Urinary bladder
13
Q
List Major Organs for the Following Body Cavities
A
Cranial::Brain
Spinal::Spinal Cord
Thoracic::Heart & Lungs
Abdominal::Digestive organs & Kidneys
Pelvic::Reproductive organs and Urinary Bladder
14
Q
ante
A
before
15
Q
post
A
after
16
Q
thorac
A
chest
17
Q
nas
A
nose
18
Q
orb*
A
circle
19
Q
cervic
A
neck
20
Q
acr
A
extremity
21
Q
brachi
A
arm
22
Q
digit
A
finger or toe
23
Q
cranio
A
skull
24
Q
peri
A
around
25
cardio
heart
26
trans
through
27
Hand is (proximal or distal) to the shoulder.
DISTAL
28
Mouth is (superior or inferior) to the nose.
INFERIOR
29
Heel of the foot is (proximal or distal) to the ankle.
PROXIMAL
30
The heart is (anterior or posterior) to the spinal cord.
ANTERIOR
31
The heart is (medial or lateral) to the arms.
MEDIAL
32
Thoracic Cavity contains.....
33
Abdominopelvic cavity contains ....
34
Label these cavities
35
Name the four Major Types of Organic Compounds found in Humans.
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
36
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
monosaccharide
37
What is the monomer for Protein?
Amino Acid
38
What is the monomer for Nucleic Acid?
Nucleotide
39
Lipids do not consist of monomers.
List some examples of lipids.
Fatty Acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
40
Identify this Biomolecule.
41
List the Monosaccharides we discussed in Lab.
Monosaccharides
1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Ribose
42
List the Disaccharides we discussed in Lab.
Disaccharides
1. Sucrose
2. Maltose
3. Lactose
43
List the Polysaccharides we discussed in Lab.
Polysaccharides
1. Glycogen
2. Starch
3. Cellulose
44
Carbohydrate Testing
Benedict's Reagent identifies Glucose
What does the Negative Test look like?
Carbohydrate Testing
Negative Result for Glucose
Blue
45
Carbohydrate Testing
Benedict's Reagent identifies Glucose
What does the Positive Test look like?
Carbohydrate Testing
Postive Result for Glucose
Orange
46
Carbohydrate Testing
Benedict's Reagent identifies Glucose
What if there is no Glucose, but lots of Starch in solution?
Carbohydrate Testing
Negative for Glucose
Blue
47
A test involving Benedict's Reagent requires what?
Boiling for 1 minute.
48
Lugol's Reagent is specific to which of these?
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide
49
# True or False
Lugol's Reagent gives a positive result when mixed with Fresh Potato Juice.
TRUE
50
# True or False
Lugol's Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with Apple Juice.
FALSE
51
# True or False
Lugol's Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with Karo Syrup.
False
52
# True or False
Lugol's Iodine gives a positive result when mixed with 1% Starch Solution.
TRUE
53
Identify this Biomolecule
Amino Acid
54
What is the Relationship between these two biomolecules?
Polypeptides are made up of monomers called amino acids.
55
How do we test for Protein?
Biuret Reagent
56
If I test Apple Juice with Biuret Reagent ......
It turns
Blue / Negative
57
If I test Albumin with Biuret Reagent ......
It turns
VIOLET / Positive
58
Biuret Test for Protein requires what?
10 drops of Biuret Reagent and mixing.
59
What biomolecule is referred to as our genetic material?
Nucleic Acids
DNA
60
If proteins are the most diverse and most important molecules in our cells,
Why is DNA the "master molecule?"
DNA carries the codes for how to make the proteins.
Proteins cannot be made without the exact sequence of bases in the DNA.
61
Throughout our \_\_\_\_, the appearance of the right proteins at the right time in our _____ maintains the structure and ____ of our bodies and continues our life.
lives
cells
function
62
DNA carries thousands of codes or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
They instruct what ______ should be linked to make up a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
It is the _____ that allows a protein to carry out its own specific task in the cell.
genes
amino acids / polypeptide
shape
63
DNA is a polymer made from two _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of
linked _________ twisted together
into a _____ \_\_\_\_.
long strands
nucleotides
double helix
64
The DNA double helix is very ______ because of the _______ bonds that join the nucleotides together.
Adding to the strength of the double helix structure are : \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_formed between\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
stable / covalent
Hydrogen bonds / paired nitrogenous bases
65
What are the reactants in this reaction?
Amino acids
66
What is the _product_ in this reaction?
dipeptide
67
What type of chemical reaction is this?
Dehydration
68
What molecule is leaving?
What type of bond is being formed?
H2O
Covalent / Peptide Bond
69
What monomer is used to form DNA?
Describe the structure of DNA.
Nucleotide
Structure of DNA is a double helix made up of a sugar phosphate backbone, with an interior held together by the pairing of nitrogenous bases; the structure is then given a helical twist (winding staircase look) with the aid and stabilization of Hydrogen bonds.
70
What did you observe when you examined the DNA attached to the glass rod?
What did you use to precipitate this?
Thick, sticky, opaque substance.
Lots of cold alcohol.
71
What chemical color indicator did you use to detect glucose?
What solutions contained glucose?
Couldn't you just taste them for glucose?
Benedict's Reagent
Karo syrup, apple juice, carbonated soda
NO! Eating or drinking isn't allowed in the lab ;(
72
Basic Unit of Length
Meter, m
73
Basic Unit of Volume
Liter, l or L
74
Basic Unit of Mass
Gram, g
75
Basic Unit of Time
Second, s
76
Basic Unit of Temperature
Degree Celsius, C
77
kilo
1000
78
deci
1/10
79
centi
1/100
80
milli
1/1,000
81
micro
1/1,000,000
82
nano
1/1,000,000,000
83
k
kilo
84
d
deci
85
c
centi
86
m
milli
87
u
micro
88
n
nano
89
RT or room temperature
20 dec C
90
Body temperature
37 deg C
91
Temperature of boiling water
100 deg C
92
Temperature of refrigerator
2-8 dec C
93
Freezing temperature of water
0 dec C
94
One-millionth of a gram
ug, microgram
95
One thousand meters
km, kilometer
96
One-thousandth of a meter
mm, millimeter
97
One-hundredth of a meter
cm, centimeter
98
One-thousandth of a liter
mL, milliliter
99
One-billionth of a gram
ng, nanogram
100
Molecules such as ____ and _____ dissolved in water may dissociate into charged ions, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
acids
bases
ionization
101
An _____ is a substance that when it ionizes in a \_\_\_\_-based solution, it increases the number of ___ in a solution.
acid
water
H+ / Hydrogen ions / protons
102
A _____ is a substance that when it _________ in a water-based solution, it ______ the number of H+ in a solution.
base
ionizes
decreases
103
pH is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the concentration of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in a solution.
It can be easily measured by a \_\_\_\_\_.
measurement
protons / H+ / hydrogen ions
pH strip
104
If blood pH rises over 7.45 that means that the concentration of ______ goes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Is blood pH over 7.45 in-range or out-of-range?
protons
down
out-of-range
105
Our body's organic molecules, especially \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may not function when the pH is changed.
We need to balance pH in our bodies because \_\_\_\_\_ ____ release waste products that can change pH.
Also the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_can change the pH in our cells and fluids.
proteins
living cells
food we eat
106
pH scale ranges from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
pH = \_\_\_\_\_is neutral
pH greater than \_\_\_\_is basic.
acidic pH is anything \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
0 to 14
7
7
less than 7
107
What happens when H2O combines with CO2?
Carbonic Acid
H2CO3
108
What does acidosis mean?
The increase in protons has decreased blood pH below 7.35
109
Difference in pH scale between 2 and 3 signifies a difference of \_\_\_. pH measures what? \_\_
Solution with pH 2 is ten times more _____ than a solution of pH 3.
if a solution A is 100 times more concentrated than solution B than the pH difference is \_\_.
10 times / protons
concentrated
2
110
A buffer is a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
It functions to _____ the change in pH when a ___ or ___ is added to solution.
solution
minimize
base
acid
111
Add acid to a buffer and the buffer will combine with _____ and help _______ the pH.
It is the _____ in the buffer which binds H+
extra protons
maintain
weak base
112
Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during cell respiration.
If the body cannot get rid of CO2 it will combine with ______ in the blood and lower the blood pH.
Lungs regulate the amount of _____ in the blood.
And the kidneys regulate the amount of ______ ions in the blood.
water
CO2
bicarbonate / HCO3-
113
Add a _____ to a buffer and the buffer will release H+ to maintain the pH.
Most buffers consist of a weak acid and weak base
It is the ____ that releases H+ to maintain pH.
base
weak acid
114
3 main buffer systems of the body\*
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Protein
115
What 2 organs regulate the amount of
CO2 and HCO3- in the blood?
Lungs
Kidneys
116
Give the formula that summarizes the
reaction of CO2 and H20 in the blood.
CO2 + H20 H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
Lungs remove CO2
Kidneys remove HCO3-
117
Name some diseases that cause acidosis.
Emphysema
asthma
bronchitis
pneumonia
pulmonary edema
