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IBDP Biology (FA2025) > A2.1 Origins of Cells HL > Flashcards

A2.1 Origins of Cells HL Flashcards

1
Q

Time before life, with chemical evolution

A

Prebiotic Era

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2
Q

Smallest structure considered to be alive and contains all the characteristics of life

A

Cell

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3
Q

Molecule that stores genetic information, self-replicate, and act as an enzyme, but has a lower copying fidelity compared to DNA

A

RNA

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4
Q

Non-living entity that is not considered to possess all the characteristics of life

A

Virus

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5
Q

Past Conditions of Earth

A

Low atmospheric oxygen, higher levels of methane and carbon dioxide, higher UV radiation due to lack of ozone

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6
Q

A ribozyme that is contained within the large subunit of the ribosome

A

peptidyl transferase

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7
Q

An experiment mimicked early Earth conditions, offering evidence that the molecules essential for life could spontaneously form

A

Miller-Urey Experiment

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8
Q
A

Last Universal Ancestor

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9
Q

Molecule storing genetic information with high-fidelity copying

A

DNA

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10
Q

RNA molecules function like enzymes, facilitating biochemical reactions within a cell

A

Ribozymes

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11
Q

Type of ecosystem characterized by hot water supporting unique life forms

A

Hydrothermal vent

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12
Q

Ability that living organisms have to use energy to maintain specific order and structure, which nonliving components cannot do

A

highly ordered state of living organisms

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13
Q

Biological structure transports certain substances across a membrane, creating different chemical environments inside (A) and outside (B).

A

lipid bilayer

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14
Q

Fissures in the ocean floor that release hot, mineral-rich water

A

Hydrothermal Vent

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15
Q

Evidence from archaea and bacteria genes indicates their ancestors likely evolved near hydrothermal vents

A

Hydrothermal Vent Evidence

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16
Q

Recent common ancestor of all current life on Earth

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

17
Q

Evidence that cyanobacteria was present around 3.4 billion years ago

A

Stromatolite Evidence

18
Q

Type of layered sedimentary rocks that are formed by the growth of cyanobacteria

A

Stromatolites

19
Q

Ratio of the atomic abundances of two isotopes of the same element

A

Isotope Ratio

20
Q

Scientific evidence, pulled from elements in rocks dating back over 3 billion years, can point to the presence of living organisms

A

Isotope Ratio Evidence

21
Q

Present Conditions of Earth

A

High concentration of oxygen in atmosphere, lower UV radiation due to ozone layer

22
Q

Ancient formation, composed of layers of cyanobacteria and sediment, provides a glimpse into Earth’s early microbial life

A

fossilized stromatolite

23
Q

Natural tendency of phospholipids to create spherical bilayers due to their amphipathic properties

A

Spontaneous Vesicle Formation

IBDP Biology (FA2025) (67 decks)

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