D3.2 Inheritance SL

Question 1

Diploid zygote

Answer 1

A cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes, containing genetic material from both parents.

Question 2

What is the role of gonads in sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Gonads are specialized organs that produce gametes through meiosis.

Question 3

Describe the significance of hermaphroditism in flowering plants

Answer 3

Hermaphroditism in plants, such as the pea plant, allows for both self and cross-pollination, increasing genetic diversity

Question 4

What is the significance of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 4

It increases genetic variation in a population

Question 5

What is self-pollination?

Answer 5

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma within the same plant

Question 6

Who is known as the father of genetics?

Answer 6

Gregor Mendel

Question 7

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 7

A genetic cross involving one gene

Question 8

Define phenotype

Answer 8

Observable characteristics resulting from genotype and environmental factors

Question 9

What is a genotype?

Answer 9

The genetic constitution of an organism

Question 10

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 10

Having two identical alleles of a gene

Question 11

What are alleles?

Answer 11

Different forms of a gene.

Question 12

Define heterozygous

Answer 12

Having two different alleles of a gene

Question 13

What is polygenic inheritance?

Answer 13

A trait controlled by multiple genes

Question 14

Explain incomplete dominance

Answer 14

A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits

Question 15

What is codominance?

Answer 15

A situation where two alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype

Question 16

What determines sex in humans?

Answer 16

he type of sex chromosome (X or Y) carried by the sperm

Question 17

Define sex-linked genetic disorder

Answer 17

A disorder caused by mutations on the sex chromosomes

Question 18

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 18

A diagram showing inheritance patterns across generations in families

Question 19

Give an example of a sex-linked disorder

Answer 19

Haemophilia

Question 20

What are linked genes?

Answer 20

Genes located close together on the same chromosome

Question 21

What is continuous variation?

Answer 21

Variation where traits show a range of phenotypes (e.g., skin color)

Question 22

Define discrete variation

Answer 22

Variation where traits are distinctly different (e.g., blood groups)

Question 23

What causes skin color variation?

Answer 23

The presence or absence of melanin, controlled by multiple genes

Question 24

What is melanin?

Answer 24

A pigment that determines skin color

Question 25

What is a box-and-whisker plot used for?

Answer 25

To graphically represent variation of continuous traits