B1.2 Proteins SL

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

The building blocks of proteins

There are 20 different amino acids in the human body, each with unique properties.

Question 2

True or False: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.

Answer 2

True

This sequence is known as the primary structure of the protein.

Question 3

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in protein structure?

Answer 3

They stabilize the secondary structure of proteins

Hydrogen bonds form between different parts of the protein chain, creating alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets

Question 4

Tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 4

Three-dimensional shape of a protein

This structure is determined by interactions between side chains of amino acids.

Question 5

What causes protein denaturation?

Answer 5

Factors like pH and temperature

Denaturation disrupts a protein’s structure, often leading to loss of function

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as its __________ structure

Answer 6

Primary

This sequence is directly coded by the genetic information in DNA

Question 7

The structure formed by two or more polypeptide chains

Answer 7

Quaternary structure

Examples include hemoglobin and antibodies

Question 8

What is the significance of R groups in amino acids?

Answer 8

They determine the chemical properties of amino acids

R groups vary in size, shape, charge, and reactivity

Question 9

How are amino acids linked together in a protein?

Answer 9

Through peptide bonds

This bond formation results in a polypeptide chain

Question 10

What determines a protein’s function?

Answer 10

Its specific shape or structure

The shape is crucial for the protein’s interaction with other molecules

Question 11

Describe the effect of extreme pH on proteins

Answer 11

It can cause denaturation

Extreme pH levels disrupt the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds in proteins

Question 12

What is the importance of protein folding?

Answer 12

It is essential for the protein’s functionality

Misfolded proteins can lead to diseases like Alzheimer’s

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Proteins with a _________ structure consist of more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 13

Quaternary

Each polypeptide chain in such proteins is referred to as a subunit

Question 14

What role do enzymes play in the body?

Answer 14

They act as biological catalysts

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed