D4.1 Natural selection HL

Question 1

Gene Pool

Answer 1

The total genetic diversity found within a population or species

Question 2

Allele Frequency

Answer 2

The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population

Question 3

Genetic Drift

Answer 3

Random changes in allele frequencies, affecting genetic variation in small populations

Question 4

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 4

A sharp reduction in population size, affecting genetic diversity and allele frequencies

Question 5

Founder Effect

Answer 5

Genetic variation changes occurring when a new population is established by a small group of individuals

Question 6

Directional Selection

Answer 6

A type of natural selection favoring one extreme phenotype over others

Question 7

Stabilising Selection

Answer 7

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Question 8

Disruptive Selection

Answer 8

A process that favors individuals at both extremes of a trait, leading to two distinct populations

Question 9

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 9

States that allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation unless influenced by outside factors

Question 10

Artificial Selection

Answer 10

Process by which humans breed organisms for desired traits