A2.2 Cell structure SL

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

All organisms have cells; cells form from existing cells.

Question 2

Purpose of stains in microscopy

Answer 2

Stains highlight specific cell structures for visibility. Examples: iodine for plants, methylene blue for animals

Question 3

Convert micrometers to millimeters

Answer 3

Divide micrometers by 1000. (1 mm = 1000 μm)

Question 4

Magnification formula in microscopy

Answer 4

Magnification = Image Size / Actual Size

Question 5

Steps for a temporary cell mount

Answer 5

Slice specimen thinly, place on slide, add stain, cover gently with a cover slip

Question 6

Electron Microscope

Answer 6

A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen

Question 7

Resolution of a light microscope

Answer 7

200 nm

Question 8

Electron vs Light Microscope

Answer 8

Electrons have shorter wavelengths

Question 9

Freeze Fracture Microscopy

Answer 9

Reveals internal structures by freezing

Question 10

Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Answer 10

Freezing improves resolution and reduces damage

Question 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 11

No nucleus, smaller size

Question 12

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 12

Contains nucleus, larger size

Question 13

Prokaryotic Cell Size

Answer 13

Ranges from 0.1 to 5.0 μm

Question 14

Ribosome Differences

Answer 14

Prokaryotes 70S, Eukaryotes 80S

Question 15

Nucleoid

Answer 15

DNA region in prokaryotes

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

Chemical reactions in cells

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

Maintaining internal conditions

Question 18

Unicellular Nutrition

Answer 18

Obtaining/producing nutrients

Question 19

Paramecium Cilia

Answer 19

Enables movement and stimuli response

Question 20

Binary Fission

Answer 20

Asexual reproduction method

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Digestive organelles in animals

Question 22

Chloroplasts

Answer 22

Photosynthesis organelles in plants

Question 23

Fungal Cell Walls

Answer 23

Composed of chitin

Question 24

Centrioles

Answer 24

Involved in cell division

Question 25

Plant Vacuoles

Answer 25

Regulate osmosis, store substances