acid and base Flashcards
(22 cards)
pH scale
measures concentration of H+ ions in fluids - Higher the concentration = lower the pH
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Bicarbonate buffer system
HCO3- + H+ = H2O + CO2
CO2
volatile gas that is excreted or retained in the lungs through the ventilation rate to help with pH balance
HCO3
substance that is excreted or absorbed in the kidney to help with pH balance
Normal CO2 level
35 - 45 mm of Hg
Normal HCO3 level
22-26 mEq/L
Respiratory Acidosis
pH is < 7.35 & CO2 is > 45
Respiratory Alkalosis
pH is > 7.45 & CO2 < 35
Metabolic Acidosis
pH is < 7.35 & HCO3 < 22
Metabolic Alkalosis
pH is > 7.45 & HCO3 > 26
ROME
If a condition is respiratory, the pH and CO2 values move in the opposite direction; if the condition is metobolic, the pH and HCO3 values move in the same direction RESPIRATORY OPPOSITE, METABOLIC EQUAL
acid base compensation by kidneys
if there is a respiratory condition the kidneys will attempt to compensate - but they require hours to days to work - by reabsorbing H+ or releasing HCO3
acid base compensation by lungs
if there is a metabolic condition the lungs will attempt to compensate - they are able to work within minutes - retain or release CO2 - increase respiratory rate or decrease respiratory rate
pH 7.50, CO2 32, HCO3 24
Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
pH 7.30, CO2 52, HCO3 32
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
pH 7.30, CO2 52, HCO3 26
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
pH 7.50, CO2 32, HCO3 18
Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
pH 7.30, CO2 42, HCO3 17
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
pH 7.50, CO2 38, HCO3 38
Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
pH 7.30, CO2 28, HCO3 18
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
pH 7.50, CO2 52, HCO3 32
Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
