respiratory to neoplasia Flashcards
(43 cards)
Signs & symptoms of lung cancer
mimics the side effects of smoking
What is pulmonary edema?
Excess fluid in the lungs.
What are the causes of pulmonary edema?
Congestive heart failure, capillary injury, and obstruction of the lymphatic system.
What are the signs & symptoms of pulmonary edema?
Dyspnea, hypoxemia, increased work of breathing, inspiratory crackles, dullness to percussion to lower lobe.
What are the risk factors for pulmonary edema?
Arrhythmias, sleep apnea, diabetes, alcohol use, heart disease, high BP.
What is asthma?
A common long-term inflammatory disease of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyper-responsiveness, constriction, and obstruction.
What is status asthmaticus?
A life-threatening asthmatic attack that does not respond to normal treatment. ‘Silent chest’.
What are the causes of asthma?
Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchospasm, and mucus secretion all cause narrowing of airways and obstruction to airflow.
What are asthma triggers?
Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander.
What are the signs & symptoms of asthma?
Chest constriction, expiratory wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, non-productive cough, prolonged expiration, tachypnea, tachycardia.
What are the risk factors for asthma?
Age of onset of disease, levels of allergen exposure, air pollution, tobacco smoke, recurrent respiratory infections.
What are the types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
What is chronic bronchitis?
(Blue bloaters) A productive cough lasting at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years, caused by chronic inflammation of the bronchi, leading to mucus overproduction and airway narrowing.
What is emphysema?
(Pink puffers) Permanent enlargement of gas exchange airways and destruction of alveolar walls, caused by repeated exposure to irritants.
What are the signs & symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
Chronic productive cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, mild dyspnea initially, cyanosis, peripheral edema, crackles, wheezes, prolonged expiration, and obesity.
What are the risk factors of chronic bronchitis?
95% smoking, air pollutants, occupational exposure, age.
What are the signs & symptoms of emphysema?
Dyspnea, minimal cough, increased minute ventilation, pink skin, pursed-lip breathing, accessory muscle use, cachexia, hyperinflation, barrel chest, decreased breath sounds, and tachypnea.
What are the risk factors of emphysema?
95% smoking, air pollutants, occupational exposure, age.
What is cystic fibrosis?
An autosomal recessive disease.
What organs are affected by cystic fibrosis?
Lungs and gastrointestinal tract.
What are the signs & symptoms in the respiratory system of cystic fibrosis?
Mucus plugging, chronic inflammation, and chronic infection. 75% of CF patients have bacteria colonization.
What are the signs & symptoms in the gastrointestinal system of cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus plugs the pancreatic duct, inhibiting the release of digestive enzymes, causing malnourishment.
What is acute bronchitis?
Often a viral infection causing inflammation of the bronchial tubes, narrowing the airways.
What are the signs & symptoms of acute bronchitis?
Fever, cough, chills, malaise like pneumonia, no pulmonary consolidation, chest x-ray clear.
