pain and thermoregulation Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is Specificity Theory?
Directly related to amount of injury - paper cut vs knife cut.
What does Gate Control Theory explain?
Why we can rub our hand or shake it after we get a paper cut to relieve some of the pain. Nociceptive pain opens the gate; non-nociceptive pain closes the gate (touch).
What is Neuromatrix pain theory?
Patterns of nerve impulses – damage to the neuro pathways – both central or peripheral. Genetic, psychological, and cognitive experiences explain why we can feel phantom pain – the pain matrix is activated. No one theory explains all the pain we experience.
What is somatic pain?
Can be superficial (skin, muscle) or deep (joints, bone, tendons); no nociceptive, well localized, throbbing or aching.
What is cutaneous pain?
A type of somatic pain.
What is visceral pain?
Originates from an organ and smooth muscle nociceptors that are sensitive to stretching, hypoxia, & inflammation. Referred pain, poorly localized, & vague. Autonomic symptoms (e.g., pallor, sweating, nausea, BP & HR change).
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain that is from activation of nociceptors - specific pain.
What is referred pain?
Pain coming from one area, but felt in another.
What is neuropathic pain?
Peripheral or central nervous system dysfunction - causes long term changes in pain pathway structures and abnormal processing of information. Pain is burning, shooting, shock-like, tingling.
What is acute pain?
Short duration <3 months - trauma/surgery.
What is chronic pain?
Longer duration >3 months.
What are symptoms of acute pain?
Increased HR, BP, diaphoresis, dilated pupils.
What are symptoms of chronic pain?
Physiologic adaptation to pain: normal HR, normal BP.
What is fibromyalgia?
An example of neuropathic pain and why it is so difficult to treat (damage to nervous system, pain in multiple sites).
Where is pain mediated?
In the hypothalamus with the endocrine system.
What is fever?
State where the body has reset its internal thermostat to a higher level.
What are the benefits of fever?
Kill bacteria, decrease bacteria replication, prevent viral replication, facilitates immune response, and increase phagocytosis.
What is hyperthermia?
Increase in temperature without a reset of internal thermostat.
What is conduction?
Losing heat from an object. E.g., putting a warm blanket on you to warm you up or a cool cloth to make you cooler.
What is evaporation?
How we lose heat or pull heat out of the skin.
What is convection?
Heat loss through movement of air across the skin. E.g., if it’s colder outside, heat loss will increase, so we put on a warmer coat.
What is radiation?
For a person who is cold, we put them in the sun to warm them up; for a person who is hot, we need to get them out of the sun to stop that radiation.
What are heat cramps?
Cramps occurring in the abdomen, legs, or extremities. Treatment is to get rest.
What is heat exhaustion?
Prolonged exposure to a higher temperature. Symptoms include sweating, dehydration, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and fainting.
