respiration terms and lung inflation disorders

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as capillaries

Question 2

oxygenation

Answer 2

delivery of oxygen to organs- dosen’t mean that there has been ventilation

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

movement of air in and out of lungs

Question 4

perfusion

Answer 4

Delivery of blood to capillary bed in tissue

Question 5

dyspnea

Answer 5

breathlessness, air hunger, shortness of breath, laboured breathing, & preoccupation with breathing

Question 6

Sputum that is clear or white

Answer 6

sign of viral, irritation or might be normal sputum

Question 7

Sputum that is yellow or green

Answer 7

Bacterial= indicates infection-more green= more infectious

Question 8

Sputum that is pink frothy

Answer 8

fluid overload symptom of heart failure

Question 9

Sputum that is bloody

Answer 9

Hemoptysis trauma in the lungs

Question 10

Sputum that is rust colored

Answer 10

specific to pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 11

Eupnea

Answer 11

normal breathing

Question 12

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 12

increased breathing. Deep breathing in response to exercise, strenuous effort, or disease process.

Question 13

Cheyne-stoke breathing

Answer 13

Irregular. Alternating patterns of deep/shallow breathing followed by nothing

Question 14

Sleep apnea

Answer 14

diffculty breathing during sleep

Question 15

Risk factors associated with sleep apnea

Answer 15

obesity, upper airway obstruction – large neck, recessed chin

Question 16

Signs/symptoms of hypoventilation

Answer 16

PCO2 > 45, hypoxemia= sleepiness, disorientation, hypoxia

Question 17

Clubbing

Answer 17

nails is quite flat which mean long-term hypoxia caused by the growth bed becoming soft. seen in long-term smoker

Question 18

Causes of pain in respiratory system

Answer 18

infection or inflammation, pulmonary embolus (PE), infection and inflammation of trachea or bronchi, & excessive couging

Question 19

Hypercapnea

Answer 19

too much CO2

Question 20

VQ mismatch

Answer 20

happens when part of your lung (1) receives oxygen without blood flow or (2) we have blood flow without oxygen.

Question 21

VQ Dead space

Answer 21

air is moving into the alveoli; no blood is moving by the lung .

Question 22

VQ shunt

Answer 22

blood is moving through the lung, but no ventilation

Question 23

What causes dead space?

Answer 23

pulmonary embolism

Question 24

What causes shunting?

Answer 24

pulmonary shuntoften occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of thelungto be unventilated although they are still perfused

Question 25

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 25

is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs.

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism

Answer 26

Sudden onset sharp chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, & unexplained anxiety. Massive embolus causes severe pulmonary hypertension and shock

Question 27

Causes of pulmonary embolism

Answer 27

usually from blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs, Fat from the marrow of a broken long bone, part of a tumor, and Air bubbles from medical procedures.

Question 28

Risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

immobility, inherited conditions, having surgery on bones or broken bone, having central venous lines

Question 29

Flail chest

Answer 29

Segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of flail chest

Answer 30

Chest pain,Shortness of Breath

Question 31

causes of flail chest

Answer 31

Blunt Trauma, Motorcycle accidents, Baseball bat injury

Question 32

Result of Flail Chest

Answer 32

Ineffective ventilation, Pulmonary Contusion, hypoventilation with atelectasis,increased dead space, decreased intrathoracic pressure and increased oxygen demand from injured tissue.

Question 33

Pneumothorax - open

Answer 33

air movement upon inhalation and exhalation- pleural cavity pressure = atmospheric pressure

Question 34

Pneumothorax - closed

Answer 34

no air movement- plerural cavity pressure is less then atmospheric pressure

Question 35

Pneumothorax - Tension

Answer 35

Air can get in but not out- pleural cavity pressure is higher than athmospheric pressure, can lead to deviation of trachea (to the unaffected side). Life threatening emergency

Question 36

Causes of open pneumothorax

Answer 36

trauma- an opening of the chest wall- air moves from outside the body into pleural space

Question 37

Causes of closed pneumothorax

Answer 37

spontaneous- no opening in the skin of the chest wall- wound is on lung- air moves from inside lung to pleural space

Question 38

Signs & Symptoms of pneumothorax

Answer 38

pleural pain, increased RR & HR, may have absent or decreased breath sounds

Question 39

Signs & symptoms specific to a tension pneumothorax

Answer 39

tracheal deviation away from affected lung, hypotension

Question 40

Pleural effusion

Answer 40

is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

Question 41

transudative pleural effusion

Answer 41

change in hydrostatic pressure - fluid leaking from capillaries surrounding area, seen in cardiovascular disease

Question 42

Exudative pleural effusion

Answer 42

infection or inflammation, seen in lung disease, breast cancer, lymphoma – coming from within the area and going out into tissue

Question 43

Hemothorax

Answer 43

blood seen in trauma, surgery, rupture

Question 44

Signs & symptoms of pleural effusion

Answer 44

chest pain, cough, dyspnea

Question 45

Signs & symptoms of hemothorax

Answer 45

decrease breath sounds on side of injury, dullness on percussion on side of injury - if large pneumothorax will have signs of increased blood loss

Question 46

Aspiration

Answer 46

relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs

Question 47

Signs & symptoms of aspiration

Answer 47

sudden onset of choking and intractable cough, fever, dyspnea, wheezing

Question 48

risk factors for aspiration

Answer 48

weak cough, unconscious patient, poor gag reflex, unable to swallow properly

Question 49

Atelectasis

Answer 49

is the collapse or closure of alveoli NOT filled with fluid - common after surgery when patients don't re-expand their lungs fully

Question 50

Signs & symptoms of atelectasis

Answer 50

dyspnea, cough, fever, leukocytosis

Question 51

risk factors for atelectasis

Answer 51

general anesthesia