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Pharmacology > Adrenergic Antagonists > Flashcards

Adrenergic Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three non selective Beta blockers?

A

Propranolol
Timolol
Nadolol

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2
Q

What are the two cardioselective Beta blockers?

A

Atenolol

Metoprolol

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3
Q

What is a partial agonist of B1 and B2 receptors?

A

Pindolol

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4
Q

How do all beta blockers affect the heart?

A

They decrease heart rate and force of contraction. (Note: partial agonist pindolol’s bradycardic response is limited).

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5
Q

How do nonselective Beta blockers affect peripheral resistance?

A

They block B2 receptors, so they decrease vasodilation and increase peripheral resistance. There is unopposed vasoconstriction by A1 receptors.

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6
Q

How do cardioselective Beta blockers affect peripheral resistance?

A

They have no effect because they do not block B2 receptors.

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7
Q

How does partial agonist pindolol affect peripheral resistance?

A

Slight decrease due to partial B2 activation

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8
Q

How do all beta blockers affect renin release?

A

They all decrease renin release because they all decrease B1 activation.

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9
Q

How do nonselective Beta blockers affect bronchioles?

A

They cause bronchoconstriction due to their blocking of B2 receptors. You should NEVER give a beta blocker to an asthmatic patient!

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10
Q

How do cardioselective beta blockers affect bronchioles?

A

Little bronchoconstriction because cardioselective beta blockers only block B1 receptors. Still not recommended in asthmatics.

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11
Q

How does partial agonist pindolol affect bronchioles?

A

Some bronchodilation, but asthmatics have a reduced capacity to dilate bronchioles.

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12
Q

How do nonselective beta blockers affect glucose metabolism?

A

Reduced hyperglycemic response ot epinephrine. Use caution with these drugs in diabetics because they can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.

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13
Q

How to cardioselective beta blockers affect glucose metabolism?

A

Little effect

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14
Q

How does partial agonist pindolol affect glucose metabolism?

A

Reduced response to epinephrine because partial agonist activity is not as potent as endogenously released epinephrine

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15
Q

What are the physiological effects of non selective beta blockers? (Propranalol, Nadolol, Timolol)

A 
Decreased HR
Decreased renin release
Decreased contractility
Reduced sympathetic activation
Inhibition of aqueous humor production
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16
Q

What are the indications of nonselective beta blocker usage?

A 
Hypertension
Angina
Glaucoma
Early-moderate heart failure
Arrhythmia
Thyrotoxicosis
Anxiety
17
Q

Toxicity of nonselective beta blockers?

A

Bronchospasm
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Bradycardia

18
Q

Contraindications of nonselective beta blockers?

A

Bronchospasm during asthma
Sinus bradycardia
2nd and 3rd degree heart block
Cardiogenic Shock

19
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers physiological effects?

A

Decrease HR
Decrease contractility
Decrease renin release
Decrease sympathetic activation

20
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers toxicity?

A

Hypotension

Bradycardia

21
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers Indications?

A

Hypertension
Angina
Arrhythmia

22
Q

Cardioselective Beta blockers Contraindications?

A

Sinus bradycardia
2nd and 3rd degree heart block
Cardiogenic shock
Severe heart failure

23
Q

Partial agonist pindolol physiological effects?

A

Decrease BP
Decrease contractility
Decrease renin release
Decreased sympathetic activation

24
Q

Partial agonist pindolol indications?

A

Hypertension

25
Q

Partial agonist pindolol toxicity?

A

Hypotension
Dizziness
Depression
Insomnia

26
Q

Partial agonist pindolol Contraindications?

A

Sinus bradycardia
2nd and 3rd degree heart block
Cardiogenic Shock
Severe heart failure

27
Q

What are the nonselective alpha blockers? Which ones are reversible or irreversible?

A

Phentolamine (reversible)

Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)

28
Q

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine physiological effects?

A

Decreased BP

Increased chronotropy and inotropy (large increase in HR)

29
Q

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine Indications?

A

Hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma

Vasoconstrictor-induced extravasation

30
Q

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine Toxicity?

A

Prolonged hypotension

Reflex tachycardia

31
Q

What are the selective alpha-1 adrenergic blockers?

A

Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin

32
Q

Selective alpha-1 antagonist physiological effects?

A

Inhibit vasoconstriction

Prostate smooth muscle relaxation

33
Q

Selective alpha-1 antagonist Indications?

A

Hypertension

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

34
Q

Selective alpha-1 antagonist toxicity?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Syncope
(These drugs are not prescribed to the elderly because they may increase risk of falls)

Pharmacology (67 decks)

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