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Pharmacology > Cardiac Pharm - Stuff Tom Can't Remember > Flashcards

Cardiac Pharm - Stuff Tom Can't Remember Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin Toxicity

Symptoms

A 
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hyperkalemia
Blurry yellow vision
Arrhythmias (DADs)
AV Block
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2
Q

List drug classes indicated in use in Primary (Essential) HTN

A

Thiazides
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers (nifedipine)

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3
Q

What is Beck’s Triad? What do these symptoms indicate?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Increased JVP (distended neck veins)
  3. Distant, muffled heart sounds

Indicates acute cardiac tamponade!

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4
Q

What is Kussmaul’s sign? What does it indicate?

A

Increase in JVP on inspiration instead of a normal decrease.
Seen in constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathies, RA or RA tumors.

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5
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus? What does that indicate?

A

Decrease in systolic BP by >10mmHg during inspiration.

Indicates cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis.

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6
Q

How are each of the three types of hyponatremia treated?

A

Hypovolemic hyponatremia – saline injection

Euvolemic and Hypervolemic hyponatremia – Vaptams may be used (ADH receptor antagonists)

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7
Q

What valvular defect presents with a holosystolic murmur?

A

Mitral regurgitation (intensity of murmur constant through systole)

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8
Q

What valvular defect presents with a midsystolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)?

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

What valvular defect presents with a blowing diastolic murmur?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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10
Q

What valvular defect presents with a holosystolic machine like murmur?

A

PDA

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11
Q

What is the general MOA for fibrates?

A

Activate PPAR-alpha to induce HDL synthesis.

Activate LPL to clear more triglycerides from the blood.

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12
Q

List all of the Class I Anti Arrhythmics we discussed

A 
Procainamide
Quinidine
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Flecainide
Propafenone
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13
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Class IA anti-arrhythmics?

A

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

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14
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Class IB anti-arrhythmics?

A

Lidocaine is used for arrhythmias post MI

Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

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15
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Class IC anti-arrhythmics?

A

Supraventricular arrhythmias in otherwise normal hearts

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16
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Class II anti-arrhythmics?

A

Preventing recurrent infarction and sudden death after MI

Exercise induced arrhythmias

Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
AV node reentry

17
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Class III anti-arrhythmics?

A

Amiodarone
Recurrent ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation

DOC for out of hospital Cardiac arrest

Dronedarone currently used for atrial fibrillation/flutter

18
Q

What kinds of arrhythmias are indicated for Verapamil?

A

Supraventricular arrhythmias
Reentry arrhythmias involving the AV node
Slowing ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter

19
Q

What is the indication for adenosine?

A

Converting paraoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm

20
Q

What drugs might you use to convert A fib or paraoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm?

A

Adenosine
Amiodarone
Flecainide

21
Q

What drugs might you use to maintain sinus rhythm in A fib or paraoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Amiodarone
Dronedarone
Flecainide
Propafenone

22
Q

What drugs might you use for ventricular rate control in A fib or paraoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Diltiazem or Verapamil

Propranalol or Esmolol

23
Q

What would you use to treat ventricular tachycardia in a patient without heart disease?

A

Amiodarone

Lidocaine

24
Q

What are the indications of spironolactone?

A

Primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism
Cirrhosis of the liver
Could be used with K+ wasting diuretics to prevent hypokalemia

25
Q

Dabigatran

MOA

A

Oral anti-IIa (thrombin) agent

26
Q

Riveroxiban
Apixiban
MOA

A

Oral anti-Xa agents

27
Q

Bivalirudin
Hirudin (Refludan)
Argatroban
MOA

A

IV Anti-IIa (thrombin) agents

28
Q

Icatibant
MOA
Indication?

A

B2 (bradykinin) receptor antagonist

Used for angio-neurotic edema

29
Q

What is Dressler Syndrome?

A

Autoimmune pericarditis that occurs weeks to months after an MI

30
Q

What are some big lab manifestations of DIC?

A

Thrombocytopenia
Shistocytes and fragmented RBCs on peripheral smear
Prolonged PT and APTT
Decreased fibrinogen level

31
Q

What are the primary murmurs heard in HOCM?

A

First, you’d hear a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur due to outflow tract obstruction of the aortic valve.

If the HOCM gets bad enough, you may get mitral regurgitation (holosystolic murmur) as well.

Pharmacology (67 decks)

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