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Pharmacology > Anti-Parasitic Agents > Flashcards

Anti-Parasitic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoan clinical illness requires how many exposures?

A

Single exposure

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2
Q

Helminth clinical illness requires how many exposures?

A

Many exposures

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3
Q

Treatment goal for Protozoan infections

A

Eradication

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4
Q

Treatment goal for Helminth infections

A

Eradication or reduction of worm burden

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5
Q

What is the difference between definitive, intermediate, and incidental hosts?

A

Definitive- harbors sexual parasitic stage

Intermediate - harbors larval or asexual parasitic stage

Incidental - not necessary for parasitic survival

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6
Q

Chloroquine

MOA

A

Prevents plymerization of heme to hemozoin, causing a buildup of free heme that is toxic to the parasite

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7
Q

Chloroquine

Indications

A

Prophylaxis and treatment

Schizonticidal in blood to all Plasmodium species, not active against liver phase parasites

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8
Q

Chloroquine

Resistance

A

Widespread in P. falciparum

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9
Q

Mefloquine

MOA

A

Like chloroquine, increases free heme which is toxic to parasite

Schizonticidal in blood

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10
Q

Mefloquine

Indications

A

Option for prophylaxis in areas of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

Prophylaxis and treatment of all forms of malaria

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11
Q

Mefloquine

Adverse Effects

A

Neuropsychiatric (seizures, psychosis)

Sleep and behavioral issues

Nausea, vomiting

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12
Q

Atovaquone

MOA

A

Inhibits parasite mitochondrial electron transport

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13
Q

Atovaquone is commony prescribed with…

A

Proguanil

Together, they are called Malarone

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14
Q

Doxycycline

MOA and Indications for parasites

A

Protein synthesis inhibition

Prophylaxis against mefloquine-resistant P. falciparum

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15
Q

Quinine and Quinidine

Indications

A

DOC for treatment of severe disease with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum

Quinine may be used in pregnancy

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16
Q

Quinine and Quinidine

Adverse Effects

A

Cinchonism (headache, nausea, tinnitus, visual disturbance)

GI upset

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17
Q

Primaquine

Indications

A

Treat exoerythrocytic forms of vivax and ovale malaria

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18
Q

Primaquine

Contraindication

A

G6PD Deficiency –> hemolysis

19
Q

Artemisinin

MOA

A

Rapidly acting schizonticide

Produces toxic free radicals in parasite food vacuole

20
Q

Using Artemisinin with what drug is best for high parasite burden malarial infection?

A

Mefloquine

21
Q

What drugs are commonly used in malaria prophylaxis?

A

Mefloquine
Atovaquone and Proguanil (Malarone)
Doxycycline

22
Q

When should you start and end mefloquine prophylaxis for malaria?

A

Start 1-2 weeks prior to trip

End 4 weeks after trip

23
Q

When should you start and end malarone prophylaxis for malaria?

A

Start 1-2 DAYS prior to trip

End 7 days after trip

24
Q

P. Vivax and P. ovale infections should be treated with…?

A

Chloroquine and Primaquine

25
Q

Uncomplicated P. falciparum infections should be treated with…?

A

Atovaquone-proguanil

Quinine plus doxy, tetracycline, or clindamycin

Mefloquine

26
Q

Chloroquine resistant (complicated) P. falciparum infections should be treated with…?

A

Quinidine + doxy or clindamycin

Artemisinin drugs

27
Q

Treatment of Entamoeba histolytica infection

A

Metronidazole (colitis, liver absness, ameboma)

Luminal agents:
Paramycin
Iodoquinine
Diloxanide furoate

28
Q

Treatment of Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole
Nitoxanide
Furazolidone
Albendazole

29
Q

Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis

A

Restore immune response in HIV patients!

Lactose free diet
Antimotility agent

Nitazoxanide may be used in moderately immunosuppressed pts

30
Q

Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine with folinic acid

May add sulfadiazine or clindamycin

31
Q

Treatment of Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium Stibogluconate- cutaneous and visceral

Amphotericin B - visceral

32
Q

Treatment of Trypanosoma brucei

A

Metarsoprol

Suramin (alternate: Pentamidine)

33
Q

Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas)

Is it used for acute or chronic disease?

A

Nifurtimox

Used for acute disease only, not effective in chronic disease management

34
Q

Which drugs used in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei will NOT cross the BBB?

A

Suramin

Pentamidine

35
Q

What is the most common symptom of Neurocysticercosis? What organism is it associated with?

A

Seizures

Taenia solium

36
Q

Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

A

Albendazole and Praziquantel

37
Q

Albendazole is used to treat what infections?

A 
Pinworm
Ascaris
Hookworm
Tichuriasis
Strongyloides
Echinococcus
Neurocysticersosis
38
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate is used to treat what infections?

A

Pinworm
Hookworm
Ascaris

39
Q

What drug should be used to treat lymphatic filiariasis?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

40
Q

What drug is used to treat river blindness (caused by what organism)?

A

Onchocerciasis

Ivermectin used to treat

41
Q

Ivermectin is used to treat what infections?

A

Strongyloides and Onchocerciasis

42
Q

Ivermectin MOA

A

Paralyzes nematodes and arthropods by intensifying GABA mediated signals

43
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate MOA

A

Depolarizes neuromuscular blocking

Causes release of Ach and inhibition of cholinesterase, resulting in worm paralysis

Pharmacology (67 decks)

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