Toxicology Flashcards
What are the “major endpoints” in toxicology?
Organ toxicity
Carcinogenicity/mutagenesis
Teratogenicity
What are the 3 main routes of exposure?
Oral
Inhalation
Dermal
What substance is most commonly acquired dermally?
Organophosphate chemicals (like insectisides)
Describe the shape of the curves in the dose-response relationships
Sigmoid curves
As the dose increases, the number of people experiencing the toxic side effect will increase
Describe the classes of teratogens
Class A- safe in animals and humans
Class B- safe in animals and not tested in humans; OR animals unsafe, humans safe
Class C- animals adverse, but humans not tested; OR both not available
Category D- human risk, but benefits may outweigh risks
Category X- do NOT use in pregnant women; risks outweigh benefits
Emergency Management
What do you always check first?
ABCs
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
(And maybe Ds for Dextrose - check their blood sugar)
Signs of Anticholinesterase syndrome
Organophosphate poisoning- DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchospasm Excitation of sk. m and CNS Lacrimation Salivation Sweating
How do you treat organophosphate poisoning?
2-PAM
Signs of Anticholinergic Syndrome
Opposite of organophosphates…This is atropine or jimson weed poisoning
Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, muscles lose their tone, tachycardia, urinary retention
How do you treat atropine poisoning?
Physostigmine
What is the big symptom of narcotic overdose (with heroin, oxycodone, morphone, meperidine)?
Respiratory depression
May also get hypotension and pinpoint pupils
Symptoms of overdose with Cocaine, Amphetamines, or MAOs
Nervousness, agitation, tremor, sweating, CNS excitation, HTN, tachycardia, seizures
Opiate Withdrawal symptoms
Mydriasis
Piloerection
Rhinorrhea
Lacrimation
NO seizures
Non-opiate CNS depressant Withdrawal symptoms
SEIZURES
Hallucinations
Tachycardia
Symptoms of digitalis Overdose
AV block or bradycardia
