Adulthood Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
when ages are considered early adulthood
A
19-40s
2
Q
men experience growth in vertebrae until they are this old
A
30
3
Q
what age do people have peak bone mass
A
35 yrs
4
Q
what happens to bone mass of women after 35 yrs
A
gradually decrease
5
Q
at what age is calcium levels at its peak
A
20s
6
Q
after 35, the capacity & maximum work rate w/o fatigue ____
A
decreases
7
Q
aka: gingivitis
A
gum disease
8
Q
list healthy vitals of an adult
A
60-90 bpm
18-24 respirations
120/80 mmHg
9
Q
what changes in the GI after 30 yrs
A
GI secretions & juices decrease
10
Q
list some things that are in its peak in your 20s
A
body shape, hair growth, muscle development
11
Q
at what age is maximum cardiac output
A
20s-30s
12
Q
at what ages do men & women have peak respiratory function respectively
A
25 yrs; 20 yrs
13
Q
define BASAL METABOLIC RATE
A
amnt of energy used at rest
14
Q
an increase in weight in adulthood could be because of _____
A
decrease in basal metabolic rate
15
Q
at what age is hearing best?
A
20 yrs
16
Q
at what age does visual acuity decrease
A
after 25 years
17
Q
define PRESBYOPIA
A
decrease eye elasticity & increase in opacity of lens
18
Q
list changes is the senses/nervous system in adult hood
A
- # of neurons & brain size decrease
- perception & sensation change (but speed & accuracy not affected)
- reaction time increases 20-30yrs
19
Q
define SEXUALITY
A
broad term including anatomy, gender roles, relationships, thoughts, feelings, & attitude regarding sex
20
Q
list factors for SEXUALITY
A
- biological development
- education
- personality
- sociocultural influences
- religious & ethical values
21
Q
Who created the cycle of sexual response
A
Masters & Johnson
22
Q
what are the 4 stages of the CYCLE OF SEXUAL RESPONSE
A
- excitement
- Plateau
- orgasm
- resolution
23
Q
describe the EXCITEMENT STAGE of the cycle of sexual response
A
feelings & sensations cause muscle tension & vasocongestion in reproductive organs
24
Q
describe the PLATEAU STAGE of the cycle of sexual response
A
excitement plateaus; high excitement before orgasm
25
describe the ORGASM STAGE of the cycle of sexual response
rhythmic contractions of vagina, male ejaculation, engorgement of genitalia, & increase BP/bpm/respiration, & muscle tension
26
define EGO IDENTITY
sense of who one is
27
define INTROSPECTION
self reflection
28
describe the RESOLUTION STAGE of the cycle of sexual response
return to unaroused state & men enter refractory period
29
define SOCIAL CLOCK
cultural expectations when milestones should be
30
define INTIMACY
being able to dedicate oneself to an emotional relationship; not necessarily romantic
31
define RECIPROCITY
mutual helping & supporting
32
define COMPATIBILITY
tone of relationship, comfort, ease of relationship, friendship
33
define RESPECTABILITY
role modeling & valuing of other
34
define PROXIMITY
frequency of interaction & duration of relationship; not really about geographic proximity
35
what are the 3 attachment styles to relationships
secure, avoidant, anxious
36
describe a SECURE ATTACHMENT in a relationship
perceive relationships positively & established smoothly & naturally
37
describe an AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT in a relationship
avoid commitment leading to multiple, short-lived relationships
38
describe an ANXIOUS ATTACHMENT in a relationship
anxious, possessive, demanding, & lack of trust in partners
39
list characteristics of maturity
- have broad perspectives that are not overly influenced
- interest in community needs
- take responsibility for actions
- deal w/problems/setbacks w/o losing sight of goal
40
define FEMINIST MORALITY (?)
true understanding of oneself & others leading to mutual satisfaction
41
how many calories should men in early adulthood eat per day
2700-3000 calories
42
how many calories should women in early adulthood eat per day
1600-2100 calories
43
how much of an early adult's diet consist of protein
15%
44
what are the 3 types of fats
trans, saturated, & unsaturated
45
which fat has a direct link to coronary heart disease
trans fat
46
which fats are solid at room temperature
saturated fat
47
give examples of saturated fats
meat, eggs, organ meats, dairy products, butter
48
what type of fat are liquid at room temperature
unsaturated fats
49
what combination of fats decreases the risk for colon & rectal cancer
decrease saturated fat & increase monounsaturated fat
50
what are the 2 subcategories of unsaturated fat
monounsaturated & polyunsaturated
51
give examples of polyunsaturated fats
corn, cottonseed, safflower, sunflower, sesame, & soybean oils
52
give examples of monounsaturated fat
canola/olive/peanut oil, avocados, olives, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts
53
what percent of early adult's diet should consist of carbohydrates
50-60%
54
what vitamins & minerals do young adults generally lack
calcium, iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin D & B
55
what two vitamins/minerals prevent osteoprosis
calcium & vitamin D
56
what two vitamins are antioxidants
vitamin C & E
57
what vitamin is not stored in the body so they need to be ingested daily?
vitamin C
58
which race is more likely to have hypertension
african americans
59
how many hours of sleep should young adults get per night
7-9 hrs
60
define INSOMNIA
inability to sleep; includes long time to fall asleep, wake frequently/too early, tired & unrested when awokem
61
benefits of aerobic exercise
- increase cardiac output & metabolic rate
- develop muscle fitness, endurance, power, & flexibility
- best for burning calories
62
benefits of resistance exercise
- burn fewer calories
- build muscle mass
- maintain metabolic rat
63
what is the recommended amount of physical activity for young adults
150 min of moderate exercise/75 min of vigorous activity per week
64
to improve cardiovascular health in adults, how much exercise should they do per week
3-5 times per week for at least 30 min
65
purpose of MANTAOUX SKIN TEST
screen for TB
66
the papanicolaou test is also called what
pap smear
67
how many classes are there for the pap smear
5
68
define CLASS 1 of a papsmear
absence of abnormal cells
69
define CLASS 2 of a papsmear
atypical but nonmalignant cells
70
define CLASS 3 of a papsmear
abnormal cell presence
71
define CLASS 4 of a papsmear
cells possibly but not definitely malignant
72
define CLASS 5 of a papsmear
conclusive for cancer
73
what vaccines should young adults get
tetanus booster every 10 yrs & annual flu
74
at what age should women get mammograms and how often
50-74 yrs every 2 yrs
75
how often should breast examinations be done
once a month 1 week after period
76
if someone has history of breast cancer or positive for BRCA1/BRCA2, when should they begin mammograms
begin in 20s
77
define occult blood
hidden blood (gen in stool)
78
fiber can prevent what 2 cancers
colon & rectum
79
give examples of carcinogens
- viruses
- fat
- excessive alcohol
- insecticides/pesticides
- UV rays
80
fat can lead to what 2 types of cancer
colon & breast
81
how much excess weight is needed to be considered obese?
20-30%
82
obesity causes an increased risk for ....
- gallbladder disease
- cirrhosis of liver
- kidney disease
- cancer
- osteoarthritis & back problems
- hypertension & high cholesterol
- heart disease & strokes
- diabetes mellitus type 2
83
define WEIGHT CYCLING
large fluctuations in weight leading to gradual increase in weight
84
list different types of birth control
- natural/calendar/rhythm method
- hormonal
- mechanical
- chemical
- intrauterine devices
85
describe the components of the NATURAL/CALENDAR/RHYTHM METHOD of birth control
- monitor body temp
- check cervical mucus
- pull out method & abstinence
- not very reliable
86
give examples of HORMONAL BIRTH CONTROL
oral contraceptive, implant, morning-after pill
87
characteristics of hormone birth control
almost 100% if used correctly + side effects
88
give examples of mechanical birth control
condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, & sponge
89
give characteristics of mechanical birth control
increase risk toxic shock syndrome & may prevent STD transmission
90
give examples of CHEMICAL BIRTH CONTROL
spermicide cream/jelly/foam & vaginal suppositories
91
cons of chemical birth control
messy & can cause local irritation
92
give example of intrauterine devices for birth control
copper/progesterone contraceptive
93
characteristics of intrauterine devices
- don't affect hormone cycle or sex
- can cause hemorrhage, infection, perforation, or spotting
94
s/s: alcohol poisoning
- hypotension
- loss of consciousness
- low body temp
- loss of control of nervous system
- trouble breathing
- death
95
list physical effects of alcoholism
- kidney & liver damage
- cancer
- heart & nerve problems
- death
96
list social effects of alcoholism
- increase work absence & tardiness
- workplace accidents
- illnesses
- lower productivity
- strained relationships
97
list factors for insomnia
- stress, anxiety, depression
- caffeine, nicotine, & alcohol
- medication
- medical conditions
- change in work schedule
- irregular sleep schedules/uncomfortable sleep environment
98
list components/characteristics of young adult cognitive development
- peak fluid intelligence
- crystalized intelligence
- good memory & innovative
- better episodic memories than semantic
- prefrontal cortex fully develop @ 26
99
define EPISODIC MEMORIES
personal experiences/events
100
define CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
judgment, knowledge, & skills needed in life & work
101
define FLUID INTELLIGENCE
ability to reason abstractly, solve math problems, & learn quickly
102
define infatuation
obsession w/someone bc of their appearance or ability
103
give the different feelings/characterisitics associated w/infatuation & love
love: mutual, respectful, enriching
infatuation: attracted, impressed, powerful & overwhelming
104
what are the 3 types of love
affectionate, romantic, & consummate
105
define AFFECTIONATE LOVE
romantic way for expressing love & not necessarily sexual; love that is not sexual
106
define ROMANTIC LOVE
friendly & affectionate love that can turn into consummate love; secure, care, & appreciation
107
define CONSUMMATE LOVE
affectionate love & desire to commit to relationship through good times & bad; gen leads to marriage
108
list topics to discuss to determine marriage readiness
- finances
- career paths
- living situations
- decision to parent
- family expansion
109
what ages are middle adulthood
40s-early 60s
110
define UNIVERSAL DESIGN
housing design that meets physical needs of all ages & abilities
111
list characteristics/highlights of middle adulthood brain development
- better @ processing & problem solving
- better @ semantic memories than episodic
- cognitive skills begin to decline
112
define SEMANTIC memories
knowledge; "how tos"
113
how should nutrition for middle adults differ from young adults
reduce 100 cal/day & add more activity
114
list highlights of middle adulthood cognitive development
- fluid intelligence decreases
- crystallized intelligence increases
- ability to reason (deductive & inductive) peaks
115
define INDUCTIVE REASONING
make conclusions from detailed facts to general theory
116
define DEDUCTIVE REASONING
general observation/theory to detailed conclusion
117
how much height do middle adults lose?
1-4"
118
about how much weight do middle adults gain if they do not do any activity
10-20 lbs
119
define SARCOPENIA
loss of muscle mass & strength
120
list changes in muscle & bone development of middle adults
- lose elasticity in connective tissue
- sarcopenia
- DJD & osteoporosis
- fat increases
121
in middle adult hood, where does fat redistribute to in both men & women
stomach
122
in middle adulthood, where does fat redistribute to in women
hips, thighs, (+stomach)
123
osteoporosis is being more commonly seen in what 2 races
white & asian
124
list ways to prevent osteoporosis
- diet
- exercise
- hormone replacement
- vitamin D & calcium supplements
125
osteoporosis is more prevalent in women older than 50 bc of ____
decrease estrogen & progesterone
126
define PRESBYCUSIS
loss of hearing w/age related to thickening in capillary walls of ear gen causing damage to inner ear
127
define CLIMACTERIC
decrease in reproductive capacity in men & women
128
describe MENOPAUSE
cessation of menses for over 1 yr from decreased estrogen & progesterone gen beginning 45-55 yrs
129
what is the average age menopause starts
51 yrs
130
define PERIMENOPAUSE
1st stage of menopause consisting of several years of reduced fertility
131
s/s: perimenopause
- hot flashes
- forgetfulness
- mood changes
- sleeplessness
132
s/s: menopause
- cycle irregular/shorter/longer between periods
- amnt of blood in period decreases or increases
- menses suddenly stops
- loss of muscle strength
- palpitations, nervousness, headache
- decrease skin elasticity
- decrease vaginal lubrication (+dyspareunia)
- sleep disturbances/fatigue
- increase in facial hair
- hot flashes & chills
133
pros & cons of hormone therapy for menopause
- effectively treat s/s
- not recommended for ppl w/history of breast disease/cancer
- last resort treatment
- may decerase risk of death from plaque in arteries
134
define DYSPAREUNIA
itching or pain during sex
135
define MALE CLIMACTERIC
may/may not decrease testosterone w/fewer sperm w/changes in thinking patterns & self-image
136
how do some men respond to the male climacteric
try to look & act younger/take on young partners to show they still are appealing
137
men may need testosterone replacement if they experience ___ & ____ during male climacteric
lethargy & low sex drive
138
the male climacteric can also be referred to as
midlife crisis
139
empty-nest syndrome may also be called
launching children
140
why is empty-nest syndrome less relevant today
women work more now than before
141
what are the 5 types of grandparents
formal, informal/spoiler, surrogate, wisdom provider, & distant figure
142
define the DISTANT FIGURE GRANDPARENT
limited contact
143
define the WISDOM PROVIDER GRANDPARENT
ideology/title bestowed by family beliefs & customs
144
define the SURROGATE GRANDPARENT
make many parental decisions & does most of the child raising
145
define the INFORMAL/SPOILER GRANDPARENT
close, indulgent relationship w/grandchild
146
define the FORMAL GRANDPARENT
parent disciplines child while grandparent maintains close interest in grandchild
147
how much sleep should middle adults get per night
at least 7-9 hours
148
list characteristics of middle adult sleep
- sleep lighter for less time
- more prone to sleep deprivation
- may have insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, & narcolepsy
149
list effects of sleep deprivation
- poor judgment
- mood disorders
- lack of memory retention
- slower reaction time
- diabetes & obesity
- cardiovascular disorders
- depression & irritability
- inability to concentrate & solve problems
- poor productivity
150
define SLEEP APNEA
repeated partial/complete blockage of upper airways during sleep
151
list causes of sleep apnea
- obesity
- enlarged tonsils
- endocrine/neuromuscular disorders
- heart/kidney disease
152
define RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
fragmented sleep from muscle aches/pain/leg cramps/spontaneous leg movement bc of changes in dopamine
153
define NARCOLEPSY
excessive daytime sleepiness
154
how often should middle adults visit the optometrist
at least every 2 years
155
define GALAUCOMA
buildup of fluid in chambers of eye leading to damage to optic nerve & can go unnoticed until irreparable damages
156
what cholesterol is "good"
HDL
157
how is glaucoma detected
during routing eye exam
158
define CATARACTS
cloudy formation on lens common after 60 yrs; forms gradually & doesn't allow light passage thru lens; can be caused by other conditions
159
when should men & women get colonoscopies & how often
after 50 yrs old & every 10 yrs
160
describe FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE
benign large & uncomfortable cysts in breast in 30yrs-menopause women; no correlation to breast cancer; potentially caused by estrogen engorging & swelling cells along mammary ducts
161
how often should women get pap smears & HPV tests (combo)
every 5 yrs
162
if only getting a pap smear, how often should women get it
every 3 yrs
163
describe BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY (BPH)
enlarged prostate common in men older than 50 yrs; detected in annual rectal exam after 50/suspicious blood test
164
s/s: benign prostatic hypertrophy
- difficulty voiding
- diminished urine stream
- dribbling
- frequent need to pee
165
what are factors for increased risk of prostate cancer
african americans & men w/1st degree relative diagnosed before 65 yrs
166
define MATURITY
ability to adapt to life changes
167
define SANDWICH GENERATION
adult caregivers for elder parents & grown kids
168
what are the 4 types of generativity
biological, parental, work, & cultural
169
define BIOLOGICAL GENERATIVITY
raise kids
170
define PARENTAL GENERATIVITY
relationship within extended family
171
define WORK GENERATIVIty
mentoring/teaching/training youth @ work
172
define CULTURAL GENERATIVITY
communicate values & traditions to youth
173
characterisitics of middle adult social development
- divorce common
- reestablish relationship w/SO
- see themselves as younger than their age
- see more differences between themselves & youth
174
define GENERATION COHORTS
people born in similar time
175
describe BABY BOOMERS
1946-1964; life expectancy of 83 yrs; lead government, education, & corporate US
176
list topics relevant to baby boomers
- parenting, nutrition,, education
- health care
- independent living
- workforce participation
- retirement
- marriage & familial trends in aging
177
describe Gen X
1965-1979; saw huge social changes; changed business environments; the "digital generation"
178
what years are the millenials
1980-1995
179
millenials are also called
echo boomers
