alcohol

Question 1

acute effects of alcohol

Answer 1

slows electrical activity in the brain
CNS depression, motor skills impaired, GI, breathing and temperature regulation

Question 2

areas of brain slowed by alcohol

Answer 2

prefrontal cortex
nucleus accumbens
amygdala
hippocampus
VTA
cerebellum
medulla

Question 3

aggression and alcohol

Answer 3

pharmacological (inhibits pathways related to judgement and social behaviors) and psychosocial (situational and contextual influences)

Question 4

chronic effects of alcohol

Answer 4

devastating to almost every organ system in body, especially brain and liver

risks of cancer raise

Question 5

NTs affected by alcohol

Answer 5

increased GABA inhibitory actions except in reward pathway, blocks glutamate receptors, increases release of dopamine and endorphins in addiction pathways, affects serotonin and cannabinoids

Question 6

speed of developing alcohol tolerance

Answer 6

single exposure and chronic consumption

Question 7

rate of metabolism

Answer 7

1 standard drink per hour

Question 8

binge drinking

Answer 8

5 or more per occasion for men and 4 or more for women

Question 9

why was alcohol popular and useful for thousands of years

Answer 9

safer than water, calories/nutrition/vitamins, social life built around it, economic trade

Question 10

physical effects of alcohol

Answer 10

primarily travels to CNS and spinal cord, impacts liver health

Question 11

zero order kinetics

Answer 11

no matter how much of the substance in the body, it will always metabolize at the same rate

Question 12

antabuse

Answer 12

medication for people with alcoholism to stay sober, buildup of ALDH when drinking to lead to feelings of discomfort and aversion from drinking

Question 13

fermented

Answer 13

maximum 15% alcohol, yeast converts sugars into alcohol

Question 14

distilled

Answer 14

concentrates alcohol evaporation to make it higher percentage

Question 15

acute alcohol tolerance

Answer 15

single exposure, more intoxication when levels in blood are rising than falling

Question 16

metabolic alcohol tolerance

Answer 16

body increases production of liver enzymes

Question 17

cellular alcohol tolerance

Answer 17

change in receptor density for NTs in the brain (GABA and glutamate)

Question 18

behavioral alcohol tolerance

Answer 18

handle yourself when drunk

Question 19

cross alcohol tolerance

Answer 19

increases tolerance to BZD and other sedatives

Question 20

negative effects of chronic alcohol use

Answer 20

liver damage, heart issues, brain damage

Question 21

alcohol withdrawal

Answer 21

mild: anxiety symptoms
severe: seizures and DTs

Question 22

delirium tremens

Answer 22

hallucinations, confusion, paranoia leading to cardiac arrhythmias and death if untreated