cannabis

Question 1

cannabis prevalence

Answer 1

most commonly used illicit drug in the US (18% in past year)

inverse relationship between use and perceived dangers

Question 2

cannabis sativa

Answer 2

tall and slender with lighter green leaves

Question 3

cannabis indica

Answer 3

shorter and bushier and darker leaves

Question 4

almost all strains of cannabis today are ____

Answer 4

hybrids

Question 5

female and male cannabis plants

Answer 5

flower clusters with psychoactive resin that catches pollen from male seeds, separating male and female will increase psychoactivity of the plants

Question 6

phytocannabinoids

Answer 6

THC, CBD
bind to cannabinoid receptors in the body

Question 7

THC

Answer 7

psychoactive

Question 8

CBD

Answer 8

anti oxidant/convulsant/inflammatory/anxiety

Question 9

hemp

Answer 9

trace amounts of THC, not psychoactive

Question 10

cannabis routes of administration

Answer 10

smoked, vaporizers, ingested (slower onset and less predictability of action)

Question 11

cannabis absorption

Answer 11

THC is very fat soluble, easily crosses BBB

Question 12

cannabinoid receptors

Answer 12

CB1 and CB2
THC partial agonist, CBD negative allosteric modulator which blocks some of THC’s effects

Question 13

cannabinoids bind to other receptors in the body such as _________

Answer 13

GABA, serotonin, glutamate

Question 14

mechanism of action of cannabis

Answer 14

endocannabinoid system

Question 15

endocannabinoid system

Answer 15

widespread system that controls physiological effects and helps maintain homeostasis

Question 16

neurotransmitters of endocannabinoid system

Answer 16

anandamide, 2-AG

Question 17

function of enzymes of endocannabinoid system

Answer 17

synthesize and break down cannabinoids, endocannabinoids synthesized on demand, not stored

Question 18

receptors of endocannabinoid system

Answer 18

CB1 and CB2

Question 19

location of receptors of endocannabinoid system

Answer 19

basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, eye, pancreas, testes, uterus

Question 20

acute effects of cannabis depend on ____

Answer 20

dose, ration of THC to CBD, previous experience and expectations, environment

Question 21

biphasic dose response curve

Answer 21

for cannabis, optimal dose receives highest benefits and low/high doses receive low benefits (looks like normal curve)

Question 22

acute effects of cannabis

Answer 22

euphoria, laughter, impaired memory, impaired coordination, enhanced sensory perception, drawn out sense of time, hunger/thirst, increase heart rate

Question 23

TI of cannabis

Answer 23

very high, over 1000

Question 24

negative effects of cannabis

Answer 24

impaired fertilization from high doses, drug interactions, collateral damage from use

Question 25

medical uses of cannabis

Answer 25

chronic pain, nausea/vomiting, increase hunger, MS symptoms, reduce use of addictive substances, other disorders/conditions

Question 26

tolerance of cannabis

Answer 26

regular use causes tolerance

Question 27

addiction of cannabis

Answer 27

less addictive than other drugs, treatment involves psychological approaches, less than 50% stay abstinent

Question 28

cannabis withdrawal

Answer 28

symptoms are not severe if they occur

Question 29

primary function of liver in drug use

Answer 29

metabolism

Question 30

primary function of kidneys in drug use

Answer 30

elimination

Question 31

reward pathway in the brain

Answer 31

network of structures involved in pleasure, motivation, and reinforcement

Question 32

two main structures of reward pathway

Answer 32

ventral tegmental area (midbrain, produces dopamine in reaction to rewarding stimuli) and nucleus accumbens (limbic system, receives dopamine and generates feelings of pleasure)

Question 33

primary neurotransmitter of reward pathway

Answer 33

dopamine

Question 34

How does methamphetamine differ from other stimulants and other forms of amphetamine?

Answer 34

stronger, longer lasting effect stronger impact on dopamine release which causes euphoria, much more potential for abuse and addiction