tobacco and nicotine

Question 1

acute effects tobacco and nicotine

Answer 1

cardiovascular and heart rate increase, clotting, blood vessels, stomach acid, appetite decrease

Question 2

primary neurotransmitters tobacco and nicotine

Answer 2

binds to nicotinic cholingeric receptors and excites them
acetylcholine is main one
affects dopamine, GABA, and glutamate too

Question 3

tolerance tobacco and nicotine

Answer 3

different speeds to different effects
not heart rate/tremor/vasoconstriction

Question 4

types of tolerance tobacco and nicotine

Answer 4

metabolic, cellular, behavioral

Question 5

rate of metabolism tobacco and nicotine

Answer 5

CYP450 system of liver, slower in men, very short half-life

Question 6

how much nicotine in a cigar

Answer 6

160 mg

Question 7

is nicotine toxic in a sufficient dose

Answer 7

one of the most toxic of all drugs, more deadly than arsenic

Question 8

where does nicotine come from

Answer 8

found naturally only in tobacco plant, mainly the leaves

Question 9

what is menthol

Answer 9

found in minty plants, smooth cooling sensation

Question 10

is menthol more addictive

Answer 10

it can make smoking smoother and increase nicotine per puff which makes quitting harder, advertised to black communities

Question 11

what things affect absorption of nicotine

Answer 11

pH, filter, volume of smoke inhaled

Question 12

how is nicotine absorbed

Answer 12

lungs for cigarettes, mouth for pipes/cigars

Question 13

what are negative effects of tobacco use

Answer 13

single greatest cause of premature death in the world plus cardiovascular disease and cancer

Question 14

how do people quit nicotine

Answer 14

nicotine replacement therapies like gum, patch, vaping and pharmacological treatments that don’t replace nicotine

Question 15

drugs for quitting nicotine

Answer 15

Bupropion, varenicline, hallucinogens

Question 16

withdrawal symptoms of nicotine

Answer 16

concentration, headache, GI disturbance, increased appetite

Question 17

how quickly is nicotine metabolized

Answer 17

average of 2 hours, stays in system for 1-3 days or 7-10 for heavy smokers

Question 18

how quickly does tolerance develop

Answer 18

within days

Question 19

what makes nicotine so addictive and hard to quit

Answer 19

drug related cues induce cravings, social environments, quickly triggers dopamine in reward pathway

Question 20

smoking’s effect on adolescent brains

Answer 20

frontal lobe not developed yet, increases number of nicotinic receptors in reward pathway