stimulants

Question 1

what are stimulants

Answer 1

substances that increase activity of sympathetic nervous system

Question 2

most common stimulants (6)

Answer 2

cocaine, crack, amphetamine, methamphetamine, caffeine, nicotine

Question 3

cocaine prevalence in U.S.

Answer 3

one of world’s largest consumers of cocaine

black people are less likely than white to use powder and equally likely to use crack

Question 4

coca leaves

Answer 4

cocaine, oral administration

Question 5

powder cocaine

Answer 5

snorted, crosses BBB more easily

Question 6

cocaine source

Answer 6

shrub native to Andes mountains

Question 7

crack cocaine

Answer 7

smoked for quick and intense high

Question 8

cocaine route of administration affects ____

Answer 8

amount of cocaine absorbed into bloodstream

Question 9

cocaine speed of entry into brain (fastest to slowest route of administration)

Answer 9

smoked, injected, snorted, orally

Question 10

cocaine metabolism system

Answer 10

cytochrome P450 system

Question 11

cocaine mechanism of action

Answer 11

blocks pain pathways
blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (these increase)

Question 12

schedule of cocaine

Answer 12

II, approved for local anesthetic

Question 13

adverse effects of cocaine

Answer 13

irritability, hostility, fear, restlessness, paranoia, heart attack

Question 14

acute effects of cocaine

Answer 14

euphoria and increased energy
increased confidence
sweating/chills
increased heart rate
decreased appetite and need for sleep

Question 15

chronic use of cocaine

Answer 15

tolerance or reverse tolerance, short-lived withdrawal, irritability

Question 16

cocaine dependence

Answer 16

weak physical dependence but strong psychological dependence, no FDA approved treatments

Question 17

amphetamine

Answer 17

more popular than cocaine, more potent effects, stimulates CNS by increasing same neurotransmitters

Question 18

brand names of amphetamine

Answer 18

adderall, ritalin, concerta

Question 19

methamphetamine

Answer 19

more lipid soluble form of amphetamine, enters brain faster, more addictive

Question 20

amphetamine route of administration

Answer 20

oral, injection, intranasal, smoked

Question 21

amphetamine effect duration

Answer 21

12 hours

Question 22

methamphetamine effect duration

Answer 22

8 hours

Question 23

amphetamine mechanism of action

Answer 23

increased postsynaptic levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin to larger degree than cocaine

Question 24

small doses effects of amphetamine

Answer 24

increase energy and alertness, reduced appetite

Question 25

high doses effects of amphetamine

Answer 25

rush, intoxication, psychosis

Question 26

meth specific effects

Answer 26

disinhibition, hypersexuality (but can decrease function)

Question 27

difference between effects of cocaine and amphetamine

Answer 27

amphetamine has slower onset and longer duration but closely resemble one another

Question 28

chronic use of stimulants

Answer 28

loss of neural tissue in prefrontal cortex

Question 29

other stimulants

Answer 29

cathinone (khat) and bath salts

Question 30

brain structures involved in effects of cocaine

Answer 30

increased dopamine in basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, nucleus acumbens

Question 31

how have drugs laws for cocaine and crack contributed to racial disparities?

Answer 31

disproportionate incarceration rates and higher penalties for crack possession which was more common among blacks than powder cocaine