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ALREADY KNOW Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

A
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
  • partial FAS (pFAS)
  • Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)
  • Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)
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2
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

most severe; CNS issues w/ physical/facial abnormalities

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3
Q

partial FAS (pFAS)

A

less severe; CNS + facial abnormalities

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4
Q

Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

A

CNS issues w/o major physical/facial abnormalities

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5
Q

Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)

A

major organ issues w/o other prominent issues

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6
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is__ & is linked to__

A
  • unexpected & unexplained death under 12mo
  • linked to serotonin abnormalities in the medulla
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7
Q

Boys early onset puberty

A
  • mostly pros- higher self-esteem, social maturity, popular, athletic
  • cons- higher alcohol use, antisocial behavior, higher precocious sexual behaviors
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8
Q

Boys later onset puberty

A
  • cons- lower self-esteem, less popular, poor academics, higher depression/anxiety
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9
Q

Girls early onset puberty

A

all negatives

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10
Q

Girls late onset puberty

A

no definitive research outcomes

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11
Q

types of infant cries

A
  • pain: loud-pitched w/ holding breath
  • hunger: low-pitched rhythmic
  • anger: shrilled, irregular
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12
Q

Piaget’s Constructivist Theory believes that cog development is a combo of__

A

a combo of biological maturation & experience

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13
Q

Piaget’s Constructivist Theory: 4 Main Stages + age

A

4 universal stages:
1. Sensorimotor: 0-2y/o
2. Preoperational: 2-7y/o
3. Concrete operational: 7-12y/o
4. Formal operational: 12y/o-adult

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14
Q

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage

A
  1. reflexitive reaction
  2. primary circular reaction (repeating)
  3. secondary circular reaction (reproduces action of object/person)
  4. coordination of secondary circular reaction (goal-oriented; object permanence)
  5. tertiary circular reaction (experiments w/ actions)
  6. internalization of schemes (problem solving)
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15
Q

Piaget’s Preoperational Stage

A
  1. transductive reasoning (causality is everywhere)
  2. egocentrism
  3. magical thinking
  4. animism
  5. inability to conserve (centration: focusing on one aspect; + irreversibility)
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16
Q

Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage

A
  • use of logical operations
  • decentration
  • reversibility
  • horizontal decalage (numbers first, length, liquid, mass/weight, volume)
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17
Q

Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage

A
  1. renewed egocentrism
  2. imaginary audience
  3. personal fable
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18
Q

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

A
  1. private speech
  2. zone of proximal development
  3. scaffolding
  4. make-believe/symbolic play
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19
Q

Theory of Mind (age + tasks)

A
  • 3-7y/o
  • false-belief & change of location (4.5+ y/o will understand)
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20
Q

separation anxiety starts at __mo & worsens at __

A

6 - 8 months; 14 -18 months

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21
Q

Temperament (Thomas & Chess)

A
  • easy children
  • slow-to-warm up children
  • difficulty children
  • goodness of fit; temperment to match social environment
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22
Q

Temperament (Rothbart)

A
  • reactivity (surgency/extraversion + negative affectivity)
  • self-regulation (effortful control)
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23
Q

Temperament (Kagan)

A

behavioral inhibition (BI); function across lifespan

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24
Q

Freud psychosexual development

A
  1. Oral (0-1)
  2. Anal (1-3)
  3. Phallic (3-6)
  4. Latency (6-12)
  5. Genital (teen)
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25
Q

Erikson psychosocial development

A

I hope you will have purpose & competency in fidelity, love, care & wisdom
1. trust vs mistrust (0-1)
2. autonomy vs shame & doubt (1-3)
3. initiative vs guilt (3-6)
4. industry vs inferiority (6-12)
5. identity vs role confusion (teen)
6. intimacy vs isolation (young adult)
7. generativity vs stagnation (middle adult)
8. integrity vs despair (late adult)

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26
Q

Authoritative parents

A

highly demanding & highly responsive (best outcomes)

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27
Q

Authoritarian parents

A

highly demanding & low responsive (outcomes: aggressive/oppositional behaviors over lifespan, be a bully)

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28
Q

Permissive parents

A

low demanding & high responsive (outcomes: self-centered, bullied)

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29
Q

Uninvolved parents

A

rejecting-neglecting, low demanding & low responsive (worst outcomes)

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30
Q

self-awareness age + test + exceptions

A
  • 18 -24mo
  • mirror self-recognition test
  • Down syndrome + ASD pass at 3-4y/o
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31
Q

self-understanding (self-awareness) stages

A
  1. Early childhood (2-6y/o): gender & age apply to kids, then concrete observable differences (eye color)
  2. Middle childhood (7-11y/o): self-descriptions are generalized & involve social comparisons
  3. Adolescents (12-18y/o): describe themselves in abstract qualities/beliefs & recognize inconsistencies in their traits
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32
Q

Gender Identity (Cognitive Developmental Theory) + age

A
  1. gender identity (2-3y/o)
  2. gender stability (4y/o)
  3. gender constancy (6-7y/o)
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33
Q

Gender Identity (Social Learning Theory)

A
  • gender-typed preferences/behaviors precedes gender-related beliefs
  • Bandura: modeling from same-gendered others & differential reinforcement
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34
Q

Gender Identity (Gender Schema Theory)

A

Gender-schematic people are more likely than gender-aschematic people to use gender norms to guide their own behavior & judge others’

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35
Q

Gender Components (Egan & Perry’s Multidimensional Model)

A
  1. membership knowledge
  2. gender typicality
  3. gender contentedness
  4. felt pressure
  5. intergroup bias
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36
Q

Gender Identity (Androgyny)

A

Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI):
1. feminine (high feminine/low masculine)
2. masculine (low feminine/high masculine)
3. androgynous (high feminine/high masculine)
4. undifferentiated (low feminine/low masculine)

  • androgyny has a greater range of response to situations
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37
Q

Marica’s 4 identity statuses (teen identity)

A

Erikson’s mistress
1. identity diffusion: no crisis, no commitment
2. identity foreclosure: no crisis, commitment to parents’ beliefs/goals
3. identity moratorium: crisis, no commitment
4. identity achievement: from crisis comes strong commitment

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38
Q

Bowlby’s ethological theory

A

mothers & infants are biologically predisposed to form an attachment to ensure the infant’s survival

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39
Q

Consequences of Attachment

A
  • autonomous (secure)
  • preoccupied (resistant)
  • dissmissing (avoidant)
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40
Q

instrumental aggression

A

proactive aggression to obtain something

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41
Q

hostile aggression

A

driven by anger; to hurt (physical, verbal, relational)

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42
Q

Play (Parten)

A
  • Nonsocial (unoccupied, solitary, onlooker)
  • Social (parallel, associative, cooperative)
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43
Q

Friendships (Selman) + age

A
  1. momentary playmate (3y/o+)
  2. one-way assistance (5y/o+)
  3. two-way assistance/fair weather (7y/o+)
  4. intimate, mutually shared (8y/o+
  5. mature (12y/o+)
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44
Q

Friendships (Damon)

A
  1. handy playmate (4-7y/o)
  2. mutual trust & assistance
  3. intimacy & loyality (11y/o+)
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45
Q

Peer Status

A
  • rejected-aggressive children
  • rejected-withdrawn children
  • neglected children (well-adjusted)
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46
Q

in ___ Selectivity Theory, friendship is viewed in terms of perceived time: the two types include __

A

Socioemotional;
* time as unlimited: future-oriented, knowledge seeking
* time as limited: present-oriented, emotional closeness

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47
Q

Rowe & Kahn’s Aging Model

A
  • reduce risk of disease/disabilities
  • maintain high cog/physical function
  • stay actively engaged w/ life
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48
Q

Baltes & Baltes Selective Optimization with Compensation Model (SOC)

A

aging:
* selection- narrowing goals to most important
* optimization- skills needs for goals
* compensation- obtaining assistance to achieve goals

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49
Q

Piaget’s Moral Theory + ages

A
  1. Premoral 5y/o-: limited
  2. Heteronomous 5y/o: consequences
  3. Autonomous: 10y/o: intentions
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50
Q

Kohlberg’s Moral Reasoning Theory

A
  1. Preconventional Morality: (punishment & obedience; instrumental hedonism)
  2. Conventional Morality: (good girl/good boy; law & order)
  3. Postconventional Morality: (morality of contract, individual rights, & democratically accepted laws; morality of individual principles, universal justice/fairness)
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51
Q

Walker’s Cycle of Violence

A
  1. building phase
  2. acute battering incident
  3. loving contrition phase
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52
Q

Johnson’s Typology (IPV)

A
  1. intimate terrorism (males)
  2. violent resistance (females)
  3. mutual violent control (least/both)
  4. situational couple violence (most)
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53
Q

Freud Therapy: problems are the result of

A

unconscious unresolved conflicts from childhood

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54
Q

Jungian Therapy: behavior is driven by

A
  • pos + neg forces
  • past & future
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55
Q

Adler: problems are the result of

A

feelings of inferiority; lack of concern for others

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56
Q

Object Relations: problems are the result of

A

issues in the separation-individuation stage

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57
Q

Object Relations: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: improve relationships by replacing maladaptive introjects w/ adaptive ones
  • empathic acceptance, analysis of resistance & transference
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58
Q

Object Relations Stages

A
  1. Normal autistic stage (first few weeks): self-absorbed, environmentally unaware
  2. Normal symbiotic stage: unable to differentiate self from caregivers
  3. Separation-individuation (5mo - 3y/o): differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, & beginning of object constancy
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59
Q

Adlerian Therapy: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: replace mistaken lifestyle w/ healthy
  • early recollections, dream analysis, & acting “as if”
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60
Q

Jung: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: bring unconscious material into consciousness to facilitate individualization
  • dream interpretation & analysis of transference
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61
Q

Freud Therapy: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: make the unconscious conscious & strengthen the reality of ego to reduce instinctual cravings & guilt
  • confrontation, clarification, interpretation, & repeated interpretation (working through)
  • free associations, dreams, resistance, & transference
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62
Q

Freud Defense Mechanisms

A
  • Repression
  • Projection
  • Denial
  • Reaction formation (opposite)
  • Sublimation (adaptive)
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63
Q

Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers): goal + interventions

A
  • goal: fully functioning w/o defensiveness, open to new experiences, self-actualization
  • empathy, unconditional positive regard, & congruence
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64
Q

Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers): problems are the result of

A

incongruence in the self-concept & experience (conditions of worth)

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65
Q

Gestalt: problems are the result of

A
  • boundaries disturbances of self & environment (projection, introjection, reflection, deflection, confluence)
  • disrupted homeostasis by unfulfilled needs
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66
Q

Gestalt: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: gain awareness of thoughts, feelings, & actions
  • dream work, empty chair, & transference (fantasies vs reality)
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67
Q

Existential Therapy: problems are the result of

A
  • anxiety about death, freedom, isolation, & meaningless
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68
Q

Existential Therapy: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: live more authenticly, choose values/purpose to live by
  • authentic rapport is most important, questioning, interpretation, & reframing
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69
Q

Reality Therapy: problems are the result of

A

failure identity; unfulfilled needs of love/belonging, power, fun, freedom, & survival

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70
Q

Reality Therapy: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: replace failure identity w/ success identity; assume responsibility for own actions; adopt appropriate need fulfillment
  • WDEP: wants/needs, doing to be aware, eval behaviors, plan action
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71
Q

Positive Therapy: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: subjective experience, happiness for the present + future
  • PERMA: Positive emotions, Engage w/ flow, Relationships are positive & meaningful, Meaning beyond one’s self, Accomplishment-achievement of goals
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72
Q

Personal Construct: goal + interventions

A
  • goal: change perceptions of bipolar dimensions to change behavior/outcomes (fair/unfair, enemy/friend)
  • therapists are partners, role-playing a fictional character
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73
Q

Brief Therapy: Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

A
  • acute depresion, clients are “sick”
    1. Initial Stage: dx, primary problems
    2. Middle Stage: (ER-CD) Encouragement of affect, Role-play, & communication & decision analysis
    3. Final Stage: termination + relapse prevention
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74
Q

Tx of Depression

A
  • Psychotherapy, psychopharm (equal), & a combination (more effective)
  • St. John’s Wort (serotonin syndrome)
  • Ketamine/Esketamine + antidepressant: fast-acting nose spray, tx resistant, increases glutamate
  • ECT: best for severe; highest response + remission rates
  • rTMS: no sedation, but not very effective
75
Q

Delusional dx

A
  • Jealousy, Somatic, Persecutory, Erotomaniac, Grandiose
  • 1+ delusions
  • 1mo+
76
Q

Cyclothymic dx

A
  • many hypomanic + MDD symptoms w/o meeting criteria
  • 2yr+ 18y/o+
  • 1yr+ 18y/o-
77
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation dx

A
  • 1+ verbal/behavioral outburst
  • 3x/wk
  • irritable/angry mood between outbursts ~qD for most of the day.
78
Q

ODD dx

A
  • recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, &/or vindictiveness as evidenced
  • 4+ symp. Toward 1+ persons other than siblings
  • 6mo+
79
Q

Conduct Disorder dx

A
  • behavior that violates the basic rights of others
  • repeated acts of aggression
  • Aggression to people + animals; Destruction of property; Deceitfulness/theft; Serious violation of rules
  • 3+ symp. w/i the past 12mos & 1+ symp. w/i the past 6mos
  • Specify: number of conduct problems + their consequences (mild, moderate, & severe)
  • no dx 18y/o+ who meets criteria for Antisocial Personality
  • Subtype: Childhood-onset w/ 1+ symp. prior to 10y/o. Adolescent-onset w. no symptoms prior to 10y/o. Unspecified onset when onset unknown
80
Q

Etic

A

when a Therapist believes culture doesn’t impact interventions; behavior is The same across all culturres.

81
Q

High vs Low Context

A
  • High-context communication: nonverbal communication is important (the “context” is key)
  • Low-context communication: verbal communication is important
82
Q

minority stress theory is about ___minorities; includes processes that are ___, which includes internalized heterosexism & ___ which are external discrimination

A

sexual-minorites; proxmial; distal

83
Q

Fidelity-adaption dilemma

A

to what degree one should adopt a standardized strict protocol w/o cultural adaptation

84
Q

Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (R/CID) stages + therapist preference

A
  1. conformity: majority therapist
  2. dissonance: majority therapist w/ background on minority
  3. resistance-immerson: skeptical of mental health; minortity therapist
  4. introspection: minotrity therapist or majorty w/ same worldview
  5. Integrative awareness: therapist w/ same worldview
85
Q

Cross’s Black Racial Identity Development Model stages

A
  1. pre-encounter: pro White
  2. encounter: experienced racism
  3. immerson-emerson: anti White
  4. internalization: tolerant of Whites, decrease defensiveness
  5. internalization commitment: social activism
86
Q

Seller’s Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI)

A
  1. Racial Salience: race is relevant to their self-concept at a particular point in time & situation
  2. Racial Centrality: defines themselves in terms of race
  3. Racial Regard: private regard- internal opinion of own race; public regard- perception on how others view one’s race
  4. Racial Ideology: nationalistic- control over own destiny; oppressed minority- coalition w/ other minorities; assimilationist- work w/i the system to make change; humanist- likeness of all humans, race has low centrality.
87
Q

Helms’s White Racial Identity Development (WRID) Model

A
  1. contact: IPS: oblivious
  2. disintegration: IPS: suppression & ambivalence
  3. reintegration: IPS: selective perception & negative out-group distortion
  4. pseudo-independence: IPS: reshaping reality & selective perception
  5. immerson-emerson: IPS: hypervigilance & reshaping
  6. autonomy: IPS: flexibility & complexity.
88
Q

Troiden’s Model of Homosexual Identity Development

A
  1. Sensitization: childhood stage
  2. Identity Confusion: mid-late teen stage
  3. Identity Assumption: 19-21y/o males & 21-23y/o females
  4. Identity Commitment: disclosure
89
Q

Worthington’s Model of Heterosexual Identity Development

A

assumes sexual identity is an individual & social process.
1. Unexplored commitment
2. Active exploration
3. Diffusion
4. Deepening & commitment
5. Synthesis

90
Q

Microassaults

A

meant to hurt the person; ex: name-calling

91
Q

Microinsults

A

demeaning a person’s racial background; ex: assuming ppl of color are dangerous

92
Q

Microinvalidations

A

communication that nullifies one’s racial expereince; colorblindness

93
Q

Acculturation Strategies

A
  • Integration: adopt both
  • Assimilation: adopt majority, reject minority
  • Separation: reject majority, keep minority
  • Marginalization: reject both
94
Q

Eysenck thoughts on intelligence, personality, & therapy

A
  • intelligence is most inherited w/ about 80% variability in IQ
  • personality is heavily inherited, w/ 3 major traits (extroversion, neuroticism, & psychoticism)
  • believed therapy is ineffective & maybe detrimental
95
Q

Caplan’s Model of Prevention

A
  1. Primary Prevention: aimed at a population or group
  2. Secondary Prevention: aimed at specific individuals identified as elevated risk
  3. Tertiary Prevention: targets already diagnosed people & includes relapse prevention
96
Q

Gordon’s Model of Prevention

A
  1. Universal prevention: aimed at entire populations
  2. Selective prevention: aimed at individuals w/ increased risk
  3. Indicated preventions: aimed at individuals known to be high-risk
97
Q

CBT for Suicide Prevention stages

A
  • Acute phase: uses chain analysis + SPI 6
  • Continuation phase: generalizing skills + relapse prevention
98
Q

Mindfulness-Based-CBT

A
  • attention & emotion
  • body awareness
  • decentering/reperceiving
99
Q

ACT: types of pain + cog flexibility EVACC

A

EVACC
* clean pain (nature discomfort)
* dirty pain (emotional suffering by trying to control pain)
* Experiential acceptance: counters avoiding
* Cognitive defusion: distance self from thoughts
* Awareness of self-as-context: having not being one’s thoughts
* Values-based actions: counters avoidant/unclear motives
* Committed action: counters inaction

100
Q

Stress Inoculation Training

A
  1. Conceptualization/education phase
  2. Skills acquisition & consolidation phase
  3. Application & follow-through phase
101
Q

Self-Instructional Training

A
  1. Initial cog modeling
  2. Overt external guidance
  3. Overt self-guidance
  4. Faded overt guidance
  5. Covert self-instruction
102
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

A

AB(CDE)
* Activating event
* Belief about event
* Consequences of that belief
* Disputing client’s belief
* Effect of replacing irrational belief

103
Q

Beck’s CBT

A
  • Maladaptive cognitive schemas
  • Automatic thoughts
  • Cog distortions (arbitrary inference, emotional reasoning, personalization, dichotomous thinking, & selective abstraction)
104
Q

Group Therapy: Inclusions & Exclusions

A
  • inclusions: most effective for highly motivated & self-reflective people w/ capacity for interpersonal relationships
  • exclusions: SI, delusions, or threats; antisocials only w/ same dx
105
Q

Group Therapy: Closed Groups

A
  • dropouts not replaced
  • specific goals
  • limited sessions
  • good group cohesion
106
Q

Group Therapy: Open Groups

A
  • dropouts replaced
  • broad goals
  • meet indefinitely
  • pros- energy & new input
107
Q

Formative Phases of Group Therapy

A
  1. initial orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, depend on leader
  2. members are critical of each other & hostile toward favorite child
  3. cohesion begins & real reasons revealed
108
Q

Group cohesion is comparable to ___ in individual therapy & is a strong predictor of ___

A

therapeutic alliance; strong predictor of treatment outcomes

109
Q

Multisystemic Therapy was made for __ & requires __

A
  • made for teen offenders
  • required training boosts q6mos
110
Q

Functional Family Therapy includes 8-30 sessions over __ & includes three stages:

A
  • 3-6mos
  • Engagement & Motivation
  • Behavior Change
  • Generalization
111
Q

Functional Family Therapy goal is to replace__ & is linked to __

A

replace bad behaviors w/ non-bad behaviors that fulfill the same family function; hierarchies

112
Q

beliefs of Emotionally Focused Therapy

A
  • emotions are essential
  • partner attachment needs are healthy
  • relationship distress is maintained by the partner’s emotional experiences
  • expressing + coping w/ emotions is the fastest most effective way to problem solve
113
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy goal is to __ & __ emotional experiences to feel__

A

to expand & restructure emotional experiences to feel security in the current relationship

114
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy involves 3 stages

A
  • assessment & cycle de-escalation
  • changing interactional positions & creating new bonding events
  • consolidation & integration
115
Q

Narrative Family Therapy believes problems are from__ & assumes the problem is an __ locus of control

A

oppressive stories dominating one’s life that are seen as socially constructed; external

116
Q

goal of Narrative Family Therapy

A

replace problem-saturated stories w/ alternative stories supporting more preferred outcomes

117
Q

Narrative Family Therapy stages

A
  1. Meeting member to separate them for daily interests
  2. Listening to unique outcomes
  3. Separating members from their problems
  4. Enacting preferred narratives
  5. Solidifying stories
118
Q

Conjoint Family Therapy communication styles

A
  • Placating: agreeing/complying
  • Blaming: accusing
  • Computing: overly rational
  • Distracting: changing the subject/joking
  • Congruent/Leveling: functional
119
Q

goal of Conjoint Family Therapy

A
  • increase self-esteem
  • problem-solving skills
  • communicate congruently
120
Q

family reconstruction is__ & is part of __ Family Therapy

A

a psychodrama role-play of 3 gens to expose family issues; Conjoint

121
Q

family sculpting is__ & is part of __ Family Therapy

A

when a family member depicts their view of relationships; Conjoint

122
Q

Milan Systemic Family Therapy 5 stages

A
  • Hypothesizing
  • Neutrality
  • Circular questioning
  • Positive connotation
  • Family rituals
123
Q

Milan Systemic Family Therapy session stages & frequency

A
  • pre-session, session, intersession, intervention, post-session
  • therapy gaps of 4-6wks
124
Q

Milan Systemic Family Therapy goal is to alter family__ & __

A

rules & communication patterns

125
Q

which therapy refers to “dirty games” as rigid behaviors

A

Milan Systemic Family therapy

126
Q

Strategic Family Therapy assumes __ is determined by hierarchies & maladaptive family function is linked to ___

A

assumes power/control is determined by hierarchies & maladaptive family function is linked to unclear/inappropriate hierarchies

127
Q

Strategic Family Therapy therapists take a(n)__ role, prescribe__ & may assign __

A

active role; prescribe the symptom; paradoxical directives (restraining & ordeal)

128
Q

stages in first session of Strategic Family Therapy

A
  1. social stage- observes interactions
  2. problem stage- member’s view of the family problems
  3. interactional stage- members discuss while therapist obverses interactions
  4. goal-setting stage- define the problem
129
Q

Structural Family Therapy boundaries

A
  • one side overly diffused vs enmeshment
  • one side overly rigid vs disengagement
  • midway- close relationships w/ personal identity intact
130
Q

“subsystems” in Structural Family Therapy are

A

responsible for carrying out specific tasks

131
Q

Rigid Family Triads of Structural Family Therapy include

A
  • stable coalition- one parent & kid form inflexible alliance against another parent
  • unstable coalition- triangulation, each parent demands the kid side w/ them
  • detouring-attack coalition- parents avoid conflict by blaming the kid
  • detouring-support coalition- parents avoid conflict by overprotecting the kid
132
Q

in Structural Family Therapy, ___ is the focus, not insight.

A

behavior change, not insight

133
Q

“joining” is an tactic of ___ family therapy & invloves __

A

Structural Family Therapy; adopting family’s communication style

134
Q

Structural Family Therapy three interventions

A
  • tracking: communication content
  • evaluation: structural diagnosis to make family map of subsystems/boundaries
  • intervening: interventions
135
Q

Extended Family Systems Therapy originated from __ dx & their families

A

schizophrenia

136
Q

four main compotents of Extended Family Systems Therapy

A
  • increase differentiation of members
  • emotional triangle
  • family projection process
  • multigenerational transmission
137
Q

Genograms are used in ___ therapy & look at __ generations

A

Extended Family Systems Therapy; 3

138
Q

in Extended Family Systems Therapy, ___ is the transmission of emotional immaturity from one gen to the next

A

Multigenerational Transmission Process

139
Q

foundations of family therapy: general systems

A
  • first used by biologists
  • function of living & non-living systems are interacting
  • both are needed for homeostatis
140
Q

foundations of family therapy: cybernetic theory

A

system is regulated through negative feedback loops (resist change) & positive feedback loops (amplify change)

141
Q

foundations of family therapy: communication theory believes __ communication pattern lead to bad behavior

A

repetitive

142
Q

in communication theory, schizophrenia is linked to __, which is __

A

double-bind communication; receiving contradicting messages from a family member & not being able comment on the contradiction

143
Q

in communication theory, __ interactions are similiar behavior that reflect __ & can lead to __

A

symmetrical; reflects equality; can lead to ‘one-upping’

144
Q

in communication theory, __ interactions are complimentary behaviors that reflect __

A

Complementary interactions; reflects inequality

145
Q

Motivational Interviewing four communication skills

A

OARS
* Open-ended questions
* Affirmations
* Reflective listening
* Summaries

146
Q

Motivational Interviewing four processes of the therapist include

A

EFEP
* Engaging the client
* Focusing on change
* Evoking motivation
* Planning to change

147
Q

Solution-Focused Therapy uses client’s __ to achieve goals

A

personal strengths/resources to achieve those goals

148
Q

Solution-Focused Therapy involves which three questions

A
  • Miracle question
  • Exception question
  • Scaling question
149
Q

Alzheimer’s NCD dx

A
  • insidious onset & gradual progression of impairment in 1+ cognitive
  • early cog symp. are deficits in learning & memory
  • early: lasts 2-4yrs, short-term memory loss
  • middle: 2-10yrs worsened + long-term memory loss
  • late: 1-3yrs severe cog deterioration
150
Q

NCD w. Lewy Bodies dx

A
  • insidious onset
  • fluctuating cog + abnormal protein build-up
  • REM + narcolepsy
  • early cog symp. are deficits in complex attention, visuospatial hallucinations, & executive functions
  • spontaneous Parkinsonism’s
151
Q

Parkinson’s NCD dx

A

motor symp. precede cog symp.

152
Q

NCD w. Prion dx

A
  • progression rapid
  • insidious onset
  • and Creutzfeidt-Jakob disease (CJD): confusion, poor memory, ataxia (myoclonus + chorea)
  • apathy + mood swings
153
Q

Frontotemporal NCD dx

A
  • insidious onset
  • gradual progression
  • minor learning/memory & minor perceptual motor functioning in early stages
  • apathy, perseveration, compulsions, diet changes, socially inappropriate
  • Behavioral Variant (most common)
  • Language Variant: Semantic, agrammatic/nonfluent, logopenic
  • 65y/o- onset
154
Q

Vascular NCD

A
  • temporal relationship between symptom onset & stroke
  • family hx of cerebrovascular disease or evidence from physical exam or neuroimaging
155
Q

Delirium NCD dx

A
  • lasts hrs - days
  • school-aged yrs onset
  • direct physiological consequence of a medical condition/substance use/ toxin
  • attention/awareness fluctuates in severity throughout the day
156
Q

Functional Family Therapy’s first stage is __ & __

A

Engagement & Motivation

157
Q

__ work best in bright light, color perception, & for visual acuity

A

cones

158
Q

__ have no color, crucial for peripheral vision, & are responsible for vision in dim light

A

rods

159
Q

self-actualization is the goal of __ Therapy

A

Person-Centered Therapy

160
Q

Appreciative Inquiry includes a __ cycle which includes

A

4D cycle
* discovery (appreciate what is)
* dream (envision what could be)
* design (determine what should be)
* delivery/destiny (sustain what will)

161
Q

Huntington’s NCD

A
  • behavioral disinhibition
  • irritability
  • poor insight
  • mild apraxia
  • ataxia
162
Q

Multisystemic Therapy is based on Bronfenbrenner’s __ model which views individuals as being directly influenced by __

A

ecological; multiple systems

163
Q

MST includes the Do-Loop which is an analytic process that structures __, __, & __ of the tx plan

A

development, implementation, & evaluation

164
Q

Multisystemic Therapy is provided ___ & ___ where problems occur; it targets factors that are driving __

A

in the home & community settings; problem behaviors

165
Q

__ Family Therapy is an evidenced-based tx for at-risk adolescents (conduct dx)

A

Functional Family Therapy

166
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy was originally developed to tx __

A

couples

167
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy is not used in cases of __, __, & when the partners have __

A

physical abuse, substance use, & when partners have different agenda for therapy/their relationship

168
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy is based on __ theory

A

attachment theory

169
Q

Emotionally Focused Therapy & EMDR combined were successful in treating war trauma for martial __ & __ security

A

satisfaction; attachment

170
Q

__ Family Therapy is also known as the human validation process model

A

Conjoint Family Therapy

171
Q

the therapist’s use of the self & playing multiple roles is characteristic of __ Family Therapy

A

Conjoint Family Therapy

172
Q

Structural Family Therapy includes constructing a __ that depicts the family’s subsystems, boundaries, & other family structures

A

family map

173
Q

Structural Family Therapy includes ___, which relabels the problem behavior & ___, which alters heirarches

A

reframing; unbalancing

174
Q

‘enactment’ is part of __ Family Therapy & involves __

A

Structural Family Therapy; asking members to role-play a problematic interaction

175
Q

the intrapersonal aspect of differentiation is to separate __ from __

A

thinking from feeling

176
Q

in Knox’s study, EMDR alone had the greatest success in treating __

A

PTSD

177
Q

in Narrative Family Therapy a unique outcome is __, or experiences not consistant w/ problem saturated stories

A

an exceptional circumstance

178
Q

Integration Paradox refers to __ immigrants being more likely to report discrimmination than __ immigrant

A

successful or higher-status; lower status

179
Q

according to __ Emotion Theory, differences in emotional reactions to events are due to different appraisals of those events

A

Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal

180
Q

___ Appraisal stage includes evaluating the event to determine if its stressful/threatening

A

Primary

181
Q

___ Appraisal stage is when event is determined stressful/threatening, coping options are identified

A

Secondary

182
Q

Lazarus Cognitive Appraisal includes __, __, & __ stages

A

primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, reappraisal

183
Q

Excitation Transfer assumes three things

A
  1. physical arousal
  2. residual arousal
  3. people have limited insight

EPPP (15 decks)

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