FOCUSED STUDY Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
Coefficient alpha
A
internal consistency reliability
2
Q
Single-subject research design
A
dependent variable is measured multiple times
3
Q
Raw scores are also called __ scores; when they are converted to __ they are on a normal distribution
A
scaled scores; percentages
4
Q
Statistical regression is___ & threatens a study’s ___
A
when chosen for having extreme scores in a study, posttest scores in the study will always regress toward the mean no matter what; threatens the study’s internal validity
5
Q
Ethics: __ is acceptable when there is no clinical contradiction
A
bartering
6
Q
Ethics: Uninvited solicitation
A
may be ok if there is no undue influence
7
Q
Technostructural Interventions
A
includes business process reengineering, job enrichment, & alternative work schedules
8
Q
Business Process Reengineering
A
increasing efficiency through radical redesign of finances, communications, & other core processes
9
Q
Fielder’s Contingency Model
A
most effective leadership depends on favorableness of situation; LPC (least preferred coworker)
10
Q
Favorableness of the situation is based on what factors
A
degree of influence a leader has on subordinates has 3 factors 1) good/poor leader-member relations; 2) structured/unstructured task structure; 3) strong/weak position of power.
11
Q
Vroom-Yetton-Jago Contingency Model
A
includes decision tree (old version) & decision matrices; strategies range from highly autocratic (alone decision) to highly democratic (group members decide)
12
Q
Competency modeling is __ modeling & suggests the success for all jobs within an organization are linked to __
A
worker-oriented modeling; success for all jobs within an organization are linked to values, goals, & strategies of the organization
13
Q
WAIS-IV General Ability Index
A
includes Verbal Comprehension & Perceptual Reasoning; minimizes working memory & processing speed influence
14
Q
KOIS
A
includes Occupation, College Major, & Vocational Interest
15
Q
Formative Program Eval is used to __ or __ a program & includes __
A
used to develop/improve a program (need, evaluative, structure, implimentation, process)
16
Q
Summative Program Eval determine a program’s __ & __ met through __
A
determine program outcomes & goals met (outcome, impact, cost-benefit, secondary analysis, meta)
17
Q
MMSE
A
score of 24 is normal functioning
18
Q
True/False Test
A
lowest test reliability; high probability of guessing the right answer = low test reliability
19
Q
Correction for Attenuation Formula: increase a predictor’s __ through __
A
increase a predictor’s reliability through criterion-related validity
20
Q
SB5
A
two route subtests of object series/matrices & vocab; used to determine the appropriate entry level for other subtests
21
Q
Sensitivity
A
(validity) test’s ability to accurately identify ppl who they are designed to identify
22
Q
Raven’s Standard Progress Matrices
A
nonverbal intelligence in 6y/o+ (good for foreign language testing)
23
Q
Retroactive interference
A
previous info (retro) is replaced w. recent info; the past is replaced w. the future
24
Q
Proactive interference
A
recent info (pro) is replaced w. previous info; the future is replaced w. the past
25
OCD tx
* exposure + response prevention is the first line tx
* antidepressants have similar effects
* combined may enhance effects
26
Agoraphobia tx
in vivo exposure + response prevention is the first line tx
27
Ideomotor Apraxia (location + definition)
left hemisphere parietal lobe; can’t turn an idea into action
28
__ & __ help teach ASD kids to speak
Discrimination Training & Shaping
29
Entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, & __ memories are the first to be impacted in __
recent memories; Alzheimer’s
29
Sundowning
occurs in the middle stages of Alzheimer’s; characteristic of NCD
30
Pseduodimensia
signs are the same as MDD; "I don't know" responses, onset after major stressor, etc.
31
Hypothalamus electrical stimulation
electrical stimulation here in cats/animals results in different aggression types
32
Prefrontal cortex is linked to __
prospective memory
33
Frontal lobe is linked to __ symptom
perseveration symptom
34
Papez circuit
emotional expression/experience
35
high levels of cortisol is linked to loss of neurons in the __ & __ impairment
hippocampus & memory
36
FGA
higher risk for tardive dyskinesia than SGA; if having a severe reaction, replace w/ SGA.
37
SSRI vs TCA
SSRI higher risk for sexual dysfunction than TCAs; TCA higher risk for anticholinergic + heart SE than SSRI
38
__ helps to explain adolescent-type antisocial personality/conduct disorder
Maturity-gap
39
Neurological deficits helps to explain __
life-course-type antisocial personality/conduct disorder
40
Tic Disorders are treated by _______ dopamine levels
reducing dopamine levels
41
High expressed emotions
high relapse for both schizophrenia & MDD
42
Interoceptive exposure
exposure to physical sensations associated w/ panic
43
Exteroceptive exposure
exposure to actual situations associated w/ panic
44
Cue exposure treats __
treats alcohol dependency
45
Postpartum tx
CBT & IPT
46
OCD brain activity includes __ serotonin levels & elevated activity in the __
low; elevated activity in the Caudate nucleus
47
Reactive attachment
* severe neglect from caregivers; persistent pattern of inhibited/withdrawn emotions/behaviors toward caregivers
* 2+ symp
* 9mo - 5y/o onset
48
Parietal Lobe Seizures/Stroke
symptoms are contralateral neglect; disturbed body image; symptoms relating to sensations (tingling, numbness)
49
Occipital Lobe Seizures
symptoms related to eyes; visual hallucinations, rapid eye movements
50
Frontal Lobe Seizures
(2nd most common) abnormal movements + posture, explosive screams/laughter, impaired speech w. intact comprehension, autonamic symptoms
51
Temporal Lobe Seizures
(most common) odd taste/odor, deja-vu, impaired speech & impaired comprehension, autonomic symptoms
52
Synesthesia
different sounds are different colors
53
Opponent-process theory
cells contain 3 types (red/green, blue/yellow, white/black); explains afterimages + colorblindness
54
Binocular cues
perception of relative closeness, retinal disparity (closer the object, greater the disparity) & convergence (tendency for eyes to turn inward as an object gets closer & vice-versa)
55
Monocular cues
used for greater distances, relative size, interposition (overlapping), linear perspective, texture, & relative motion (motion parallax)
56
GABA
major inhibitor, produces anxiety in some areas of the brain
57
retinal disparity
closer the object, greater the disparity; bionocular cues
58
convergence
tendency for eyes to turn inward as an object gets closer; binocular cues
59
motion parallax
relative motion; monocular cues
60
left hemisphere damage
causes depression & emotion volitility; catastrophic damage
61
hypnagogic hallucination
right before sleep
62
hypnopompic halluncination
right after waking
63
right hemisphere damage
inappropriate indifference & euphoria; indifferent reaction
64
bipolar tx meds
when Lithium doesn't work, Anticonvulsants (valoproic acid & carbamazepine) are prescribed
65
advance sleep phase
also known as circadian phase advance occurs in older adults in which they go to sleep & wake up earlier than conventional times
66
anosognosia
denial of one’s own illness/disability
67
asomatognosia
lack of recognition of one’s own body parts
68
aprosodia
inability to express or understand emotional prosody in speech
69
aphasia + location
inability to understand or express speech; caused by left hemisphere damage
70
agnosia
inability to recognize things & sensations
71
anomia
inability to recall names of familiar objects or known words
72
prosopagnosia
inability to recognize the faces of familiar people
73
primary vs secondary hypertension
**unknown cause is primary hypertension** (most common)
known cause is secondary hypertension
74
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter receptors impacting muscle movements; involved in ASD & Alzheimer's
75
orgasmic reconditioning
effective treatment for paraphillic disorders; along w/ covert sensitization & aversion treatment
76
pathological anxiety
cannot be controlled, most of the day, every day for 6mo+
77
CRAFT
for substance use patients refusing treatment; involves working w/ their family members
78
ADHD dx + comorbidities
* needs to be present before 12y/o, 6mo+, & across 2+ settings (home, school, work)
* 6+ symp. 17y/o-
* 5+ symp 17y/o+
* comorbid w/ Tourettes, then ODD, then anxiety & depression
79
underactivity in the prefrontal cortex is also called ______ & is characteristic of
(hypofrontality) negative symptoms in schizophrenia
80
positive symptoms in schizophrenia are due to __ in the __ brain region
overactivity; in the temporal-limbic region
81
Somatic Symptom Disorder dx
* 1+ somatic symp. & 1+ health concern
* excessive thoughts/emotions relating to the health concern
* Specify impairment as mild, moderate, severe
* Specify predominant pain &/or persistent
* 6mo+
82
Illness Anxiety dx
* preoccupation w/ having a serious illness
* no somatic symptoms
* avoidant of healthcare or excessive health-related behaviors
* 6mo+
83
alcohol withdrawal symptoms
2+ symptoms:
* autonomic hyperactivity
* tonic-clonic seizures
* tremors
* insomnia
* anxiety
* nausea/vomiting
* transient hallucinations
84
schizophrenia comorbidity rates
greater the degree of genetic similarity, the greater the concordance rate
* Parent 6%
* Bio siblings 9%
* Child of 1 parent w/ dx 13%
* DZ twin 17%
* Child of 2 parents w/ dx 46%
* MZ twin 48%
85
GAD med tx
* SSRI/SNRI
* if not working, then Buspirone or a Benzo
86
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation dx
1+ verbal/behavioral outburst 3x/wk+ w/ irritable/angry mood between outbursts ~qD for most of the day.
87
Persistent Depressive Disorder dx
* 2+ symp. including low mood
* 2yr+ 18y/o+
* 1yr+ 18y/o-
88
ODD dx
* recurrent pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, &/or vindictiveness as evidenced
* 4+ symp toward 1+ persons other than siblings
* 6mo+
89
Conduct Disorder dx
* behavior that violates the basic rights of others
* symp. categories: Aggression to people + animals; Destruction of property; Deceitfulness/theft; Serious violation of rules
* 3+ symp. w/i the past 12mos & 1+ symp. w/i the past 6mos
* Specifiers based on number of conduct problems + their consequences
* Subtypes: Childhood-onset w/ 1+ symp. prior to 10y/o; Adolescent-onset w. no symptoms prior to 10y/o; Unspecified onset when onset unknown
* can’t be given to 18y/o+ who meets criteria for Antisocial Personality.
90
Intermittent Explosive Disorder dx
* verbal/physical aggression 2x/wk on average for 3mo+ w/o property damage
* OR 3 behavioral outbursts in 12mo resulting in property damage or physical injury to others
* **6y/o+ onset**
91
OCD dx
* time consuming (1hr+/d)
* Specify level of insight
92
Paraphillic Disorder Duration
6mo+
93
Gender Dysphoria Dx
* 2+ symp for 6mo+ all ages
94
Narcolepsy tx
* sleep hygiene, behavior habits, & meds
* SSRI/SNRI
* **Sodium oxybate** for tx-resistant
95
BED tx
* CBT-E is most effective, adding meds doesn't help
* IPT second most effective
96
anxiety disorder tx
CBT + SSRI/SNRI
97
Opioid withdrawal
similar to a bad case of the flu
98
Schizophreniform
* 1+ of the 3 main symptoms: **delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech**
* 2+ of the 5 symptoms (disorganized movement + negative symptoms)
* 1mo+, 6mo-
99
Sea Snail Research
linked to neuronal changes in learning & memory through classical conditioning of Aplysia
100
Midbrain
* RAS
* substantia nigra
101
substantia nigra is connected to __
connected to the basal ganglia through the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway
102
glutamate excitoxicity is a characteristic of
NCDs like Alzheimer's & Huntington's
103
apraxia & contralateral neglect location
right hemisphere damage
104
Kluver-Bucy bilateral lesions (locations of disorder & symptoms)
* amygdala, hippocampus, temporal lobe
* visual symptoms, reduced fear, increased docility, abnormal sexual behaviors, etc.
105
dopamine hypothesis
elevated dopamine; schizophrenia
106
caudate nucleus location
striatum w/ the putamen
107
H.M. patient
inability to form new declarative long-term memories
108
locus coeruleus
"ground zero" for Alzheimer's
109
phonological dyslexia
most common type; also called dysphonetic, dysphonic, or auditory dyslexia
110
true memory loss
beginning & end of event are blurred, memory loss is gradual, recall only fragments
111
FOD tx
directed masturbation
112
MDD gender/age differences
* childhood: same
* late teens: rates are 2x higher for females
113
Parametric tests
are likely to reject the null (p less than or equal to your significance level)
114
limbic system
amygdala, cingulate cortex, hippocampus; connected to the basal ganglia by the nucleus accumbens; **memory, emotions**
115
PTSD brain activity
* hyperactivity in the amygdala
* hypoactivity in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex
* smaller hippocampus
116
conduction aphasia
damage to the arcuate fasciculus, intact comprehension, fluent meaningless speech, impaired repetition, & anomia.
117
2nd amines TCAs __ the most
inhibit Norepinephrine the most
118
MAOIs tx
tx resistant & atypical depression
119
Memantine treats __ by regulating __
tx moderate-severe Alzheimer's, NMDA antagonist, regulates glutamate
120
Parkinson's brain activity
* low dopamine
* high glutamate in the basal ganglia
* low norepinephrine in the locus coeruleus
* early stage depression tx Levodopa
* deep brain stim can help w. depression
121
FDG-PET
functional neuroimaging technique that distinguishes other NCDs (frontaltemporal) from Alzheimer's
122
Piaget's Construction of Knowledge
assimilation (apply one schema to all) & accommodation (change schema to fit the situation)
123
Separation Anxiety dx
* starts at 6-8mo, worsens at 14mo
* 4wk+ duration for kids/teens
* 6mo+ adults
* after exposure to divorce, death or relative or pet, or stressful situation
124
30% of children who have dx of ___ eventually receive a dx of ___
ODD; Conduct Disorder
125
teen males w/ Conduct Disorder (childhood or teen onset) did NOT experience an increase in __ levels when in stressful situations, but presented the same __
cortisol levels; affect
126
GAD comorbidities
most common w/ MDD, followed by social anxiety, specific phobia, & PTSD in order
127
kids/teens w. GAD worry more about __ while older adults worry more about __
catastrophic events + competence in sports/school; health & safety
128
Pedophilic disorder dx age details of perp + vic
perp must be 16y/o+ & 5yrs older than the child vic (13y/o-).
129
Specific Learning Disability specifiers
reading, written expression, math
130
___ is the most common among psychotherapists ethical dilemmas
confidentiality
131
higher-order conditioning vs blocking
* higher-order conditioning is like "stacked" stimuli:
light -> food (phase 1)
tone -> light (phase 2)
* blocking is conditioned stimulus is paired w. a second stimulus & doesn't produce a conditioned response:
light -> food (phase 1)
light + tone -> food (phase 2)
132
no correlation or low correlation between different variables or different measures is __
differential validity
133
__ treats early stage depression in Parkinson's patients
Levodopa
134
Fairchild suggested conduct disorder youth have poorer coordination between __ & __ arousal
emotional & physiologic arousal
135
teen males w/ childhood or adolescent onset Conduct Disorder have the same __ levels in the morning but have higher __ levels in the evening
cortisol; cortisol
