FOCUSED 4 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Taylor’s Scientific Method believes workers are motivated by __
A
economic gains
2
Q
according to Taylor’s Scientific Method, __ studies show how a job should be done to maximize productivity
A
time-&-motion studies
3
Q
__ system gives those who are more efficient more money
A
piece-rate system
4
Q
Weber’s Bureaucracy ensures operations are __ & __
A
orderly & efficient
5
Q
__ includes division of __, well-defined hierarchy of __, formal rules/procedures, employment decisions based on __
A
Weber’s Bureaucracy; labor; authority; competence/merit
6
Q
__ Decisions: repetitive, routine decision on governing procedures made by lower-level personnel (hiring, ordering, billing).
A
Programmed
7
Q
___ Decisions are non-repetitive & complex, from upper-level employees
A
Nonprogrammed
8
Q
__ Model decision-makers choose the optimal alternative after identifying & evaluating all possible alternatives.
A
Rational
9
Q
Bounded Rationality Model includes ___ instead of optimizing
A
satisficing
10
Q
___ Model states decision-making is limited by org & ind. factors (limited time, access to info, cog abilities of the decision-maker)
A
Bounded Rationality
11
Q
___ Model states the org decisions are made by many & small incremental choices made in response to short-term conditions
A
Organizational Process Model
12
Q
Hull’s Drive-Reduction Theories assumes
1. humans are motivated to maintain __
2. __ cause disequilibrium
3. behavior reinforced by __ will likely be repeated when the need arises
A
- humans are motivated to maintain homeostasis/equilibrium.
- unfulfilled innate physiological needs cause disequilibrium
- behavior that is reinforced by satisfying a need will likely be repeated when the need arises.
13
Q
__ Factors (pay, benefits, working conditions) are job __ factors & fulfill __-order needs; when not met a worker is __; fulfillment of these factors __ (does/doesn’t) lead to satisfaction or motivation.
A
Hygiene; context; lower; doesn’t
14
Q
___ Factors (responsibility, challenge, advancement) are job __ factors & fulfill __-order needs; when met a worker is satisfied & motivated; when not met there is no dissatisfaction.
A
Motivator; content; higher
15
Q
five core job characteristics: __ variety, __ identity, task significance, __, & __
A
skill variety; task identity; autonomy; feedback
16
Q
when a job provides skill variety, task identity, & task significance, workers see the job as __.
A
meaningful
17
Q
when a job provides autonomy, workers feel responsible for __
A
outcomes
18
Q
when a job provides __ workers have results of their efforts.
A
regular feedback
19
Q
workers w/ high __ (seek to fulfill higher-order needs) are more likely to be positively affected by a job that provides the five core characteristics
A
growth-need strength
20
Q
Goal acceptance & commitment are maximized when goals are __
A
specific & moderately difficult
21
Q
__ (performance) identifies employee behaviors associated w/ exceptionally poor or exceptionally good performance
A
Critical incident
22
Q
absolute rating scales: require the rater to evaluate an employee w/o considering __ performance
A
other employee
23
Q
Multisystemic Therapy, first treatment principle of Do-Loop
A
find fit between specific problem & broad systemic context
24
Q
NCD w. Lewy Bodies: early cog symp. are deficits in complex __, __ hallucinations, & __ functions
A
attention; visuospatial; executive
25
Multidimensional Family Therapy is for families of children __ - __y/o w/ __ disorder & __ disorder
11 -21y/o; substance use disorder; conduct disorder
26
* Extended Family Therapy was originally made for __
* Functional Family Therapy was originally made for __
* Conjoint Family Therapy is also known as __
* Emotionally Focus Therapy was originally made for __
* Multidimensional Family Therapy was originally made for __
* Multisystemic Therapy was originally made for __
* schizophrenia;
* externalizec behavior/conduct disorder;
* the human validation process;
* distressed couples;
* conduct disorder & substance use;
* teen-offenders (conduct disorder)
27
__ Therapy is also known as choice theory
Reality Therapy
28
__ (therapy) emphasizes using the scientific method to to evaluate its theories, concepts, & interventions
Positive Psychology
29
a balance of __ & __ is needed to engage w/ flow in Positive Psychology
skill & challenge
30
Rosenthal Effect, also know as the Pygmalion Effect, suggests expectations of high __ results in improved __
performance; performance
31
Hawthorne Effect
tendency in some individuals to alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed
32
Jung's __ were understood as __ images passed down from our ancestors and link to Lamarck's beliefs
archetypes; primordial
33
Sullivan's __ distortions occur in all interpersonal relationships & involves __
parataxic distortions; skewing perceptions of others based on fantasy/previous experience
34
perceiving others based on previous experiences & not that person's attributes describe's __ distortions
parataxic distortions
35
Boyd Franklin created the __ Model for African American families
Multisystems Model
36
Multisystems Model Axis I includes a treatment process of __, __, & __
joining, assessing, restructuring
37
Multisystems Model Axis II includes various levels at which __ can be applied
treatment
38
__ is a paradoxical technique that exaggerates a client's concerns in order to help them recognize it's absurdity
positioning
39
* Microsystem: child’s ___ environment
* Mesosystem: interaction between ___ elements (parents’ relationship w/ teachers)
* Exosystem: environmental elements affecting ___ environment (parents’ workplace, extended family, community health services)
* Macrosystem: __ + __ environment (politics, religion, economy)
* Chronosystem: events over __
* Microsystem: child’s **immediate** environment (parents, siblings, friends, others)
* Mesosystem: interaction between **microsystemic** elements (parents’ relationship w/ teachers)
* Exosystem: environmental elements affecting **immediate** environment (parents’ workplace, extended family, community health services)
* Macrosystem: **social + cultural** environment (politics, religion, economy)
* Chronosystem: environmental events over lifespan that **impacts** development + circumstances (divorced parents, birth of sibling, natural disaster)
40
__ intelligence declines at 30 to 40 years old while __ intelligence continues to increase & peaks at 60 to 70 years old
fluid; crystallized
41
__ gender & __ age are at the greatest risk for tardive dyskinesia
female; older
42
hyper-sexuality is more common for ADHD juveniles or bipolar juveniles?
bipolar
43
frame-of-reference training focuses on the multidimensional nature of the __ & the different levels of employee __
job; performance
44
standard error magnitude decreases as the __ decreases & __ increases
population SD; sample size
45
behavioral contrast involves
when two behaviors are reinforced & one behavior stops being reinforced, the behavior being reinforced increases while the other behavior decreases.
46
persuasion research shows that a source's credibility is most affected by __ & __
expertise & trustworthiness
47
in recall research, after a brief delay one will recall words best from the __ of the list & when recalled immediately will recall words best from the __ of the list.
beginning; beginning & end
48
the system responsible for integrating information from several sources to create a unified memory is called
episodic buffer
49
a store in working memory that serves to temporarily hold verbal information is called
phonological loop
50
Holland's Strong Interest Inventory includes which six occupational themes
artistic, social, enterprising, investigative, realistic, conventional
51
Steiner's group performance task types include __
* additive task
* compensatory task
* disjunctive task
* conjunctive task
* discrentionary task
52
__ task is the sum of group member contributions w/o having to work together
additive task
53
group performance is better than the best group member's individual performance for __ tasks
additive tasks
54
__ task is when the group's output is the average of each member's estimate, judgment, & other input
compensatory task
55
on a compensatory task, group members work __
independently
56
group performance is usually better than the performance of any individual member for __ tasks
compensatory tasks
57
__ task requires group members to choose the best solution, decision, or judgement from those provided by each group member
disjunctive task
58
for disjunctive tasks, the suggestion from the most __ member is usually the chosen solution, decision, or judgement
competent member
59
group performance is equal to or lesser than the performance of the best group member for __ tasks
disjunctive tasks
60
__ task requires all group members to contribute to a task
conjunctive task
61
performance of the entire group is limited by the contribution of the least capable member for __ tasks
conjunctive tasks
62
a group's ability to meet a deadline is a type of __ task & is limited by the contribution of the __ __ member
conjunctive; least capable member
63
__ task requires group members to decide how to combine each member's contributions
discretionary task
64
group performance depends on how the contributions of each group member are combined for __ tasks
discretionary tasks
65
comparable worth establishes pay equivalencies for __ jobs performed by men or women
different jobs
66
diagnostic overshadowing includes __ (demographic)
race/ethnicity
67
Ohio State University found that leaders can be described in two __ dimensions
independent
68
Ohio State University leadership dimension of high __ describes a task-oriented leader who focuses on performance goals
initiating structure
69
Ohio State University leadership dimension of high __ describes a person-oriented leader who focuses on fostering trust & respect of subordinates
consideration
70
Vineland-3 is most useful for confirming a dx of __ in ppl aged __
intellectual disability; 6y/o
71
earliest age a baby can survive outside the womb is __ weeks
22 - 26
72
Berscheid's emotion-in-relationships model states that strong emotions occur less often in the __ stages of an intimate relationship
later
73
Berscheid's emotion-in-relationships model is based on __ behavior
expected
74
self-report personality tests are most useful for __ that are followed by __
initial screening; structured interview
75
Solomon four-group design evaluates effects of __ on a study's internal & external validity
pretests
76
antisocial & histrionic personality disorders share which common traits?
* impulsivity
* manipulativeness
* seductiveness
* superficiality
77
psychologists must explain any research deception at a time that's __ but no later than __ & must allow participants to __ at any time
as soon as feasibly possible; the conclusion of the study; withdraw their data
78
__ justice refers to the fairness of the distribution of resources & other outcomes
distributive justice
79
__ justice refers to the fairness of the procedures used to determine outcomes
procedural justice
80
__ justice refers to the fairness of the way outcomes are communicated to workers
interactional justice
81
interactional justice is divided into __ (how people are treated) & __ (how information is explained)
interpersonal; informational
82
Davidson & Parker deteremined that __ explained the effectiveness of EMDR
exposure in imagination
83
those in the precontemplation & comtemplation stage benefit from __, __, & __
counsciousness raising, dramatic relief, & environmental manipulation
84
self-evaluation is helpful in transitioning from __ to the __ stage in the transtheoretical model
contemplation stage to the preparation stage
85
self-liberation is helpful intransitioning from __ to the __ stage in the transtheoretical model
preparation stage to the action stage
86
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Carbamazepine/Tegretol
Valproic Acid/Depakene
anticonvulsants
87
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Amitriptyline/Elavil
Clomipramine/Anafranil
Impramine/Tofranil
Doxepin/Sinequan
TCAs tertiary
88
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Desipramine/Norpramin
Nortriptyline/Pamelor
TCAs secondary
89
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Phenelzine/Nordi
Isocarboxazid/Marplan
Tranylcypromine/Parnate
MAOIs
90
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Venlafaxine/Effexor
Desvenlafaxine/Pristiq
Duloxetine/Cymbalta
SNRIs
91
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Sertraline/Zoloft
Paroxetine/Paxil
Citalopram/Celexa
SSRIs
92
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Clozapine/Clozaril
Olanzapine/Zyprexa
Aripiprazole/Abilify
SGAs
93
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Thioridazine/Mellaril
Chlorpromazine/Thorazine
Fluphenazine/ Piloxin
FGAs
94
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Benzodiazepines
95
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Ativan
Xanax
Valium
Benzodiazepines
96
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Thiopental
Amobarbital
Secobarbital
Barbiturates
97
# these are which category of drugs?
**[show Madi the card]**
Pentothal
Amytal
Seconal
Barbiturates
98
Natural Opioids include __
opium, morphine, heroin, codeine
99
Synthetic/Semi-synthetic Opioids include __
methadone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl
100
negligence __ (is/not) a required condition for a malpractice claim
is not required
101
Parent Management Training Oregon Model is for parents who use aggressive punishment for antisocial behavior & teaches __
effective parenting strategies
102
(sexual orientation) __ men & women have highest rates of mental health utilization
bisexual
103
Bupropion/Wellbutrin is a __ drug category
NDRI
104
after divorce, women experience chronic __ & men experience transient __
economic problems; health problems
105
law of attraction states we are attracted to those who give us more __ than __
more reinforcement than punishment
106
law of attraction states there is a positive relationship between __ & __
similar attitudes & attraction
107
bounded rationality model states decision making is bound by __, __, & __ leading to __ rather than __
time constraints, insufficient information, & cognitive limitations; satisficing; optimatizing
108
morpheme is the smallest unit of __ while phoneme is the smallest unit of __
meaning; sound
hint: **m**orpheme = **m**eaning
109
expectancy is about __, instrumentality is about __, & valance is about __
performance; outcomes; value
110
Marcia's identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, & achievement are about __ & __
crisis & choice
111
twin studies show that shared factors influence __ until __ (age), while nonshared factors are stable throughout __
intelligence; adolescence; lifespan
112
Dawis & Lofquist theory of work adjustment includes __ & __
satisfaction & satisfactoriness
113
employee satisfaction is about __ & __ while employee satisfactoriness is about __ & __
needs & reinforcers; skills & skill requirements
114
superordinate goals can turn __ into __
enemies into friends
115
__ is the best predictor of leader effectiveness, while __ is the second best predictor, & __ is the best predictor of job performance
extraversion; conscientiousness; conscientiousness
116
Position Analysis Questionnaire is a __ worker-oriented questionnaire that compares __ for different jobs
structured; worker activities
117
increasing alpha increase the probability of making a __ & increases __
Type I error; power
118
biserial correlation is a __ dichotomy while point biserial correlation is a __ dichotomy
artifical; true
hint: biserial -> cereal -> artifical;
**p**oint biserial -> **p**roof -> true
119
68% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement
1 standard error of estimate or measurement
120
95% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement
2 standard error of estimate or measurement
121
99% confidence interval is +/- times __ standard error of estimate or measurement
3 standard error of estimate or measurement
122
a high value of monotrait-monomethod establishes __
reliability
hint: **m**onotriat-**m**onomethod -> same same -> reliable
123
a high value of monotrait-heteromethod establishes __
convergent validity
124
a low value of heterotrait-heteromethod establishes __
divergent validity
125
a low value of heterotrait-monomethod establishes __
divergent validity
126
factor analysis is used to evaluate __
construct validity
127
orthogonal is __ while oblique is __
uncorrelated; correlated
hint: orthogonal -> orthadontatist (crooked [not straight] teeth)
