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GP Conditions Year 4 > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

How is anaemia defined?

A

Low level of haemoglobin in the blood

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2
Q

Haemaglobin role

A

protein found in RBC responsible for transporting oxygen

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3
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia

A 
thalassaemia 
anaemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency 
lead poisoning 
sideroblastic anaemia
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4
Q

normocytic anaemia causes

A 
acute blood loss 
anaemia of chronic disease 
aplastic anaemia 
haemolytic anaemia 
hypothyroidism
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5
Q

What causes megaloblastic anaemia?

A

B12 or folate deficiency

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6
Q

what causes normoblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A

alcohol
reticulpcytosis
liver disease
azathioprine

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7
Q

symptoms of anaemia

A

tiredness/SOB
headaches
palpitations
dizziness

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8
Q

2 symptoms specific to iron deficiency anaemia

A

pica

hair loss

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9
Q

what is pica?

A

dietary cravings for abnormal things such as dirt

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10
Q

generic signs of anaemia

A

pale skin
conjunctival pallor
tachycardia
raised resp rate

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11
Q

signs of iron deficiency anaemia

A

koilonychia
angular chelitis
atrophic glossitis
brittle hair and nails

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12
Q

what type of anaemia does jaundice occur in?

A

haemolytic

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13
Q

initial investigations

A 
haemaglobin 
MCV
B12 and folate 
ferritin 
blood film
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14
Q

further investigations

A

Oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy

bone marrow biopsy

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15
Q

4 main reasons a patient can be iron deficient

A

insufficient dietary intake
requirements up eg pregnancy
iron lost eg bleeding from cancer
inadequate iron absorption

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16
Q

where is iron absorbed?

A

duodenum and jejunum

17
Q

why can PPIs interfere with iron absorption?

A

acid from stomach keeps iron in Fe2+ form

acid drops changes to insoluble Fe3+ form

18
Q

most common cause of iron deficiency in adults

A

bleeding
menorrhagia
Gi tract - oesophagitis and gastritis

19
Q

What protein is ferritin bound to in the blood?

A

transferrin

20
Q

treating iron deficiency anaemia

A

treat underlying cause
blood transfusion
iron infusion
ferrous sulfate 200mg three times daily

21
Q

oral iron side effects

A

constipation and black coloured stools

GP Conditions Year 4 (72 decks)

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