Haemorrhoids

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

venous vascular cushions that have become enlarged due to increased pressure

Question 2

symptoms

Answer 2

none
constipation, painless bright red bleeding, sore/itchy anus
feeling a lump around anus

Question 3

cause of thrombosed haemorrhoid

Answer 3

strangulation at base causing a clot in haemorrhoid

Question 4

thrombosed haemorrhoid

Answer 4

painful, purple, tender

Question 5

examination

Answer 5

external - visible

may appear if asked to bear down

Question 6

what is required for proper visualisation?

Answer 6

proctoscopy

Question 7

differential diagnoses

Answer 7

fissure
cancer
IBD

Question 8

symptomatic management

Answer 8

anusol cream
local anaesthetic - instagell
topical steroids

Question 9

other management options

Answer 9

laxatives
band ligation
surgical haemorrhoidectomy

Question 10

what separates haemorrhoids from being classed as internal or external?

Answer 10

dentate line

Question 11

causes of haemorrhoids

Answer 11

constipation
pregnancy
extended periods of sitting
chronic cough

Question 12

how many classes of internal haemorrhoids?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

4 classes of internal haemorrhoids

Answer 13

1 = no prolapse 
2 = prolapse when strain
3 = only reducible manually 
4 = irreducible prolapse