otitis media

Question 1

where is the middle ear?

Answer 1

space between tympanic membrane and inner ear

Question 2

what is found in middle ear?

Answer 2

cochlea
vestibular apparatus
nerves

Question 3

how do bacteria enter middle ear?

Answer 3

back of throat through eustachian tube

Question 4

who are middle ear infections common in?

Answer 4

children

Question 5

what often precedes otitis media?

Answer 5

viral URTI

Question 6

most common cause of ENT infections

Answer 6

strep pneumoniae

Question 7

other common causes of otitis media

Answer 7

H influenzae
staph aureus
moraxella catarrhalis

Question 8

presentation

Answer 8

ear pain 
reduced hearing 
fever 
cough 
coryzal symptoms 
sore throat

Question 9

what symptoms if infection affects vestibular system?

Answer 9

balance issues and vertigo

Question 10

what happens when tympanic membrane perforates?

Answer 10

discharge from ear

Question 11

examination - what is seen?

Answer 11

otoscope - gently pull up pinna and backwards
bulging, red, inflamed membrane
perforation - discharge and hole in tympanic membrane

Question 12

normal appearance of tympanic membrane

Answer 12

pearly-grey
translucent
slightly shiny
cone of light

Question 13

when to consider referral

Answer 13

symptoms severe

under 3 months with temp above 38

Question 14

treatment

Answer 14

simple analgesia

antibiotics

Question 15

3 options regarding prescribing antibiotics

Answer 15

immediate
delayed
none

Question 16

who is more likely to benefit from antibiotics?

Answer 16

children less than 2 with bilateral symptoms

otorrhoea

Question 17

first line antibiotics

Answer 17

amxocillin for 5 days

erythromycin or clarithromycin

Question 18

complications

Answer 18

otitis media with effusion 
hearing loss 
perforated eardrum 
mastoiditis 
abscess 
recurrent infection