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GP Conditions Year 4 > Prostate Cancer > Flashcards

Prostate Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors

A 
age
Family History 
being black 
being tall
using anabolic steroids
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2
Q

Presentation

A 
bony mets pain 
lethargy 
erectile dysfunction 
haematuria 
weight loss 
LUTS = dribbling, frequency, urgency, hesitancy
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3
Q

When is PSA taken?

A

prior to DRE to prevent stimulating release

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4
Q

How does a cancerous prostate feel on DRE?

A

firm/hard
asymmetrical
craggy
irregular - loss of central sulcus

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5
Q

diagnosis

A

prostate biopsy
transrectal US guided
transperineal

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6
Q

grading system

A

gleason sum score

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7
Q

what does gleason sum score allow?

A

deciding on appropriate treatment

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8
Q

gleason sum score

A 
1 = well differentiated
2 = mod differentiated
3 = mod differentiated
4 = poorly differentiated 
5 = anaplastic
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9
Q

management options

A 
watchful waiting
radiotherapy 
brachytherapy 
hormonal treatment
prostatectomy/TURP
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10
Q

brachytherapy

A

radioactive seeds implanted into prostate

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11
Q

hormonal therapy

A

prostate grows in response to androgens
bilateral orchidectomy
LHRH agonists
androgen receptor blockers

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12
Q

side effects of hormonal therapy

A 
hot flushes
sexual dysfunction 
gynaecomastia
fatigue 
osteoporosis
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13
Q

gold standard hormonal treatment

A

bilateral orchidectomy

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14
Q

complications of radical treatment

A

ED
urinary incontinence
urethral strictures
radiation induced enteropathy

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15
Q

radiation induced enteropathy

A

PR bleeding
pain
incontinence

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16
Q

finasteride risk

A

treat BPH but have higher risk of causing higher grade cancers

17
Q

Cancer type

A

adenocarcinoma

18
Q

diagnostic triad

A

PSA
DRE
TRUS guided prostate biopsies

19
Q

reasons for elevated PSA

A 
UTI
chronic prostatitis 
catheter 
BPH
prostate cancer 
physiological eg ejaculation
20
Q

half-life of PSA

A

2.2 days

21
Q

updates grading system

A

gleason sum score to ISUP score

22
Q

ISUP score

A 
1 --> 5
1 = 3+3 = 6
2 = 3+4 = 7
3 = 4+3 = 7
4 = 8
5 = 9+10

GP Conditions Year 4 (72 decks)

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